Localisation of the Brain

• Who discovered Broca's and Wernicke's areas?

  Wernicke and Broca
• What is the significance of Broca's and Wernicke's areas?

  They are responsible for language processing and production
• What theory did psychologists believe in before localization?

  Holistic theory
• How did Phineas Gage's accident contribute to the idea of localization?

  His behavior changed, linking it to the frontal lobe
• What happened to Phineas Gage during his accident?

  A metal rod pierced his skull
• What are the two hemispheres of the brain responsible for?

  Physical and psychological functions
• What are the functions of the brain centers listed?

  • Motor area: Control and planning of voluntary movement
  • Somatosensory area: Decodes sensory information
  • Visual area: Decoding visual information
  • Auditory area: Analyzes speech and sound information
  • Broca’s area: Production of speech
  • Wernicke's area: Understanding speech
• What did Broca prove through his study of Tan?

  Speech production is localized in the brain
• What was Tan's ability after his brain injury?

  He could only say "tan" but understood speech
• What evidence supports the localization of brain functions?

  • Neurosurgery evidence: Damage linked to mental disorders
  • Brain scans: Petersen's study on Wernicke's area during reading tasks
• What was the outcome of neurosurgery for severe OCD patients?

  30% had successful responses to surgery
• What did Petersen's study reveal about Wernicke's area?

  It was active during reading tasks
• What did Lashley's experiment with rats suggest about brain function?

  Some cognitive processes are holistically processed
• What was the limitation of Lashley's study on rats?

  Rats are not humans or monkeys