Applied anatomy and physiology

• what is a long bone


  long bones have a thin shape and allow gross motor movement
• what is a short bone 


  has a squat-cubed shape they allow fine motor movement
• what is a flat bone 


  has a flattened, broad surface they provide protection for vital organs
• what is an irregular bone 


  irregular bone it is specific to its location in the body
• what are some examples of long bones 


  humerus, scapula, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, femur and phalanges
• what are some examples of short bones 


  talus, carpals and metacarpals
• what are some examples of flat bones

  cranium, pelvis and ribs
• what is are some examples of irregular bones 


  patella, vertebra( spine)
• what are the functions of the skeletal system

  protection of vital organs, movement, structural shape and points for attachment ,mineral storage, blood cell production.
• what bones are located at the head and neck 


  cranium and vertebrae
• what bones are located in the shoulder 


  scapula and humerus
• what bones are located at the chest


  ribs and sternum
• what bones are located at the elbow 


  humerus, radius and ulna
• what bones are located at the hip 


  pelvis and femur
• what bones are located at the knee 


  femur and tibia patella is found in front of knee joint
• what bones are found at the ankle 


  tibia, fibula and talus
• LABEL A TO K

  A) name them

  
• how does the skeletal system allow movement 


  the skeletal system allows movement at a joint

  short bones allow fine controlled movements , long bones enable gross movement
• how does skeletal system allow movement 


  different joint types allow different types of movement

  the skeleton provides a point of attachment for muscles – when muscles contract they pull the bone
• what bones make up the shoulder joint 


  scapula, clavicle and humerus
• what bones make up the elbow joint 


  radius, ulna and humerus
• what bones make up the hip joint 


  femur and pelvis
• what bones make up the knee joint 


  tibia fibula and femur
• what bones make up the ankle joint 


  tarsals, fibula, and tibia
• A joint is a place where two or more bones meet and allow movement
• there are three types of joints

  -fixed/immovable

  -slightly moveable

  -freely moveable/ synovial
• what is a synovial joint


  allow us the free movement to perform skills , most common type of joint and found at shoulder, elbow, hip, knee and ankle
• name all of them

  A) b?

  B) c?

  C) d?

  D) e?

  E) a?

  F) f?

  G) f?

  H) G?

  I) i?

  J) j?

  K) h?

  L) c?

  M) j?

  
• How do joint capsules prevent injury 


  support and hold bones together and stops fluid from escaping
• how does the synovial membrane prevent injury 


  releases synovial fluid
• how do ligaments prevent injury 


  bands of elastic fibre attached to bones

  they keep joints stable by restricting movement
• how does synovial fluid prevent injury 


  slippery liquid that lubricates the joint and stops bones rubbing together
• how does cartilage prevent injury 


  tough and flexible tissue that acts as a buffer between bones

  acts as a cushion
• how does the bursae prevent injury 


  a sac filled with liquid

  reduces friction tendon and bone
• how do tendons prevent injury 


  very strong cords that attach joint muscle to bone
• elbow knee and ankle are ... joints 


  hinge
• hip and shoulder are ....... joints 


  ball and socket
• head and necks are .... joints


  pivot
• what is flexion

  reduces the angle between two bones at a joint
• extension 


  increases the angle between two bones at a joint