Crime- Topic 3 (collection of evidence)

• DV


  Mph Speed estimate
• Results smashed


  highest mph
• Contacted


  lowest mph
• Conclusion Memory distortion of Response Bias
• DV


  see broken glass or not
• 1 week break
• Results - Smashed


  16150
• Hit


  7150
• No verb


  6/50
• Conclusion-memory distortion by reconstructive memory
• How can be applied to Police
• Don't ask leading as
• Don't let witnesses discuss case
• Step g


  Procurement + Retention of Suspects
• Attention


  Investigator must procure suspects attention so suspect focuses on investigators theme rather than punishment
• Step 6


  Handling Suspects Passive Mood - Suspects may appear defeated as denials have been rejected. Used to infer quilt +move towards confession
• Reid Techniques


  Try to increase anxiety in suspect + motivate them to want to leave interrogation (confessing)
• No need for trial [ less expensive ]
• False Confessions [esp for vulnerable]
• Standard Interview


  • ask whatever you feel is relevant
  • frequently Interrupt
  • ask SAQs
  • Inappropriate Sequences for Questioning (Fisher)- don't ask LAQ which designed to elicit more detail
• Cognitive Interview


  Based on 2 Principles = Research into Context Dependent Memory + More than I Retrieval path to event that needs to be recalled
• 14 Stages of Cognitive Interview

  1. Context Runstatement

  2. In-Depth Reporting

  3. Re-ordering Narrative

  4. Reporting from Different Perspectives
• Police encourage witnesses to reinstate context in their mind as not ethical to go crime scene
• Aim A review article of the evidence for cognitive Interview technique
• Review brings together a number of pieces of research by authors rather than reporting a single original piece of research
• Problems if original research doesn't provide full info
• 4 Key Themes In Review

  • Effectiveness of various components of CI
  • Interviewer Variables - Is training effective
  • Attitude of Police - Resistance to training, failed to follow instruc
  • Recommendations reviews make to Training - Get boss to deliver training to Police, 2 days training
• Effectiveness of Various Components of 61- (Memon (tal) - no significant difference in groups interviewed using different Log Tech
• (Milne) Compared full Cl procedure with individual components + found no difference with exception of coq reinstatement group
• Conducting Cl is more exhausting than 51 Quality + Quantity of Training is important. Attitude, Motivation, Prior experience of Interviewers need to be taken in account
• Conclusions = Still Problems like Understanding how different components of Cl work
• Applications: Cog Interview


  • In depth reporting
  • Context reinstatement
  • Reordering Narrative
  • Tell story from diff Perspectives
• Explain 4 parts + theory they're based on