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• information system


  A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information, and provide feedback to meet an objective
• examples of information system

  • ATMs
  • Airline reservation systems
  • Course reservation systems
• • Computer literacy 
  • Having skills in using productivity software
• • Information literacy
  • Understanding the role of information in generating and using business intelligence
• • Business intelligence (BI)
  • Provides historical, current, and predictive views of business operations and environments
  • Gives organizations a competitive advantage in the marketplace
• to reduce risk and improve the privacy of your personal information, consider the following:

  • Always use the privacy controls offered by the social networking sites
  • Use long passwords
  • Do not post a phone number or a full address
  • Do not post children’s names
  • Do not be specific when posting information about vacations or business trips
• • Transaction processing systems (TPSs) 
  • Focus on data collection and processing
  • Cost reduction
  • Operations repetitive
  • Human involvement minimal
• • Management information system (MIS)
  • Organized integration of hardware and software technologies, data, processes, and human elements
  • Designed to produce timely, integrated, relevant, accurate, and useful information 
  • For decision-making purposes
• • MIS Include:
  • Hardware components
  • MIS software
  • Processes
• • Designing an MIS
  • Define objectives
  • Collect and analyze data
  • Provide information in useful format
  • Used in both the private and public sector
  • Many organizations use information systems to gain a competitive advantage
• • Mainframe-based decision support system (DSS)
  • Executive information system (EIS)
  • Analyze essential information from both external and internal sources
  • Manipulate and refine data to make it more meaningful
• System


  “A set of elements that interact to accomplish goals”
• systems consist of:

  • Input(s) 
  • Processing
  • Output(s)
  • Feedback: output used to make changes to inputs or processing
• System boundary: distinguishes the system from its envirodistinguishes the system from its environment
• System boundary

  distinguishes the system from its environment
• A configuration


  the way system elements are organized or arranged.
• major Components of an Information System

  • Data
  • Database
  • Process
  • Information
• Data


  Input to the system
• • Sources of data
  • External
  • Internal
• • Can be collected in different forms
  • Aggregated 
  • Disaggregated
• • Database
  • Heart of an information system
  • Collection of all relevant data organized in a series of integrated files
  • Essential for the success of any information system
  • Managed with database management system (DBMS): e.g., Oracle
  • Reduces personnel time needed to gather,  process, and interpret data manually
• • Process 
  • Generates the most useful type of information for decision making
  • Generally includes transaction-processing reports and models for decision analysis
  • Includes a wide range of models to support all levels of decision making
• • Information
  • Output of an information system
  • Facts that have been analyzed by the process component
• • Quality of information 
  • Timeliness
  • Integration with other data and information
  • Consistency and accuracy
  • Relevance
• • User interface
  • Must be flexible and easy to use
  • Graphical user interfaces (GUIs)
• • Ultimate goal of an information system 
  • Generate business intelligence (BI)
• • Information technologies
  • Achieve goals of information systems
  • Examples
  • Internet
  • Databases
  • POS Systems
  • RFID tags
• • POS system
  • fast customer service 
  • Improved inventory management
• • Wireless network 
  • Efficient in-store communication
• • Web site 
  • Communicate with customers 
  • Increase sales with online orders
• • RFID tags 
  • Better manage inventory
• • Information 
  • Second most important resource in any organization
• • Four Ms of resources:
  • Manpower
  • Machinery
  • Materials
  • Money
• • Personnel information system (PIS) or human resource information system (HRIS) 
  • designed to provide information that helps decision makers in personnel carry out their tasks more effectively
  • Use Web technologies
• • Main difference between an intranet and the Internet 
  • Intranets are private and the Internet is public
• • Logistics information system (LIS) 
  • Designed to reduce the cost of transporting materials 
  • Maintains safe and reliable delivery
• • Manufacturing information system (MFIS)
  • Manages manufacturing resources 
  • Companies can reduce manufacturing costs, increase product quality, and improve inventory decisions
• • Marketing information system (MKIS) 
  • Improves marketing decisions
  • Provides timely, accurate, and integrated information about the marketing mix
• • UPS Delivery Intercept
  • Web-based service that allows customers to intercept and reroute packages before they are delivered
• • Wal-Mart Satellite Network
  • Largest private satellite communication system in the United States
  • Links branch stores with the home office in Bentonville, Arkansas
  • POS systems
  • RetailLink
  • Electronic data interchange
  • RFID technologies