midterms

• Art Periods


  • Stone Age
  • Mesopotamian
  • Egyptian
  • Greek and Hellenistic
  • Roman
  • Indian, Chinese, and Japanese
  • Byzantine and Islamic
  • Middle Ages
  • Early and High Renaissance
  • Venetian and Northern Renaissance
  • Mannerism
  • Baroque
  • Neoclassical
  • Romanticism
  • Realism
  • Impressionism
  • Post-Impressionism
  • Fauvism and Expressionism
  • Cubism, Futurism, Supremativism, Constructivism, De Stijl
  • Dada and Surrealism
  • Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art
  • Postmodernism and Deconstructivism
• Stone Age


  • Cave painting, fertility goddesses, megalithic structures
• Mesopotamian


  • Warrior art and narration in stone relief
• Egyptian


  • Art with an afterlife focus: pyramids and tomb painting
• Greek and Hellenistic


  • Greek idealism: balance, perfect proportions; architectural orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian)
• Roman


  • Roman realism: practical and down to earth; the arch
• Indian, Chinese, and Japanese

  • Serene, meditative art, and Arts of the Floating World
• Byzantine and Islamic


  • Heavenly Byzantine mosaics; Islamic architecture and amazing maze-like design
• Middle Ages


  • Celtic art, Carolingian
• Early and High Renaissance

  • Rebirth of classical culture
• Venetian and Northern Renaissance

  • The Renaissance spreads northward to France, the Low Countries, Poland, Germany and England
• Mannerism


  • Art that breaks the rules; artifice over nature
• Baroque


  • Splendor and flourish for God; art as a weapon in the religious wars
• Neoclassical


  • Art that recaptures Greco-Roman grace and grandeur
• Romanticism


  • The triumph of imagination and individuality
• Realism


  • Celebrating working class and peasants; en plein air rustic painting
• Impressionism


  • Capturing fleeting effects of natural light
• Post-Impressionism


  • A soft revolt against Impressionism
• Fauvism and Expressionism


  • Harsh colors and flat surfaces (Fauvism); emotion distorting form
• Cubism, Futurism, Supremativism, Constructivism, De Stijl

  • Pre- and Post- World War 1 art experiments: new forms to express modern life
• Dada and Surrealism


  • Ridiculous art; painting dreams and exploring the unconscious
• Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art

  • Post-World War II: pure abstraction and expression without form; popular art absorbs consumerism
• Postmodernism and Deconstructivism


  • Art without a center and reworking and mixing past styles
• Painting


  The expression of ideas and emotions, with the creation of certain aesthetic qualities, in a two-dimensional visual language
• Elements of painting's visual language

  • Shapes
  • Lines
  • Colours
  • Tones
  • Textures
• Purpose of painting's visual elements

  To produce sensations of volume, space, movement, and light on a flat surface
• Combining painting's visual elements

  1. Into expressive patterns

  2. To represent real or supernatural phenomena

  3. To interpret a narrative theme

  4. To create wholly abstract visual relationships
• Medium


  Tempera, fresco, oil, acrylic, watercolour or other water-based paints, ink, gouache, encaustic, or casein
• Form


  Mural, easel, panel, miniature, manuscript illumination, scroll, screen or fan, panorama, or any of a variety of modern forms
• Factors influencing an artist's choice of medium and form

  • Sensuous qualities
  • Expressive possibilities and limitations
• Realization of a unique visual image


  Combination of medium, form, and artist's technique
• Earlier cultural traditions' influence on painting

  • Controlled the craft, form, imagery, and subject matter
  • Determined its function (ritualistic, devotional, decorative, entertaining, or educational)
• Painters' earlier status


  Skilled artisans rather than creative artists
• Later development of the "fine artist"

  • In Asia and Renaissance Europe
  • Painters afforded social status of scholars and courtiers
  • They signed their work, decided its design and often its subject and imagery
• Painters' later social position and patronage

  • Began to lose their social position and secure patronage
  • Some held their own exhibitions and charged an entrance fee
  • Others earned an income through touring exhibitions of their work
• Acrylics

  • The Beginner's Choice
  • Easy to use and do not require any special supplies
  • Suit beginners, easy cleanup, limited budget, experimenting with mixed media, sensitive to oil painting chemicals
  • Disadvantages: paint dries very fast, some colors darken as they dry
• Oils


  • The Master's Choice
  • Most widely used medium among professional artists
  • Versatile, can vary drying time and consistency, allows wide range of painting techniques
  • Oil paintings held in higher regard by art collectors
• Watercolors


  • The Untamed Beauty
  • Considered most difficult to pick up due to the untamed nature of water and inability to rework errors
  • If mastered, can produce stunningly elegant paintings
• Charcoal


  A popular medium for drawing since the Renaissance, used for preparatory purposes like developing initial ideas, preliminary outlines, areas of shadow, or for squaring grids used to transfer a design to another surface

  
• Charcoal in the 19th century

  • Artists used it to make highly finished drawings featuring textural effects, scraping, the mixing of water or other liquids with charcoal powder, stumping, and various reductive techniques such as erasing