ANAPHY PART 2

• Connective tissue


  Consists of cells separated by varying amounts of extracellular substance
• Functions of connective tissue

  • Binding and Support
  • Protection
  • Storing
  • Transporting
• Ground substance


  Consists of amorphous, transparent, colorless extracellular matrix and has a high water content
• Components of ground substance

  • Glycosaminoglycans
  • Proteoglycans
  • Glycoproteins
• Collagen fibers


  Dominant fiber type in most connective tissue
• Collagen


  • The primary function is to add strength to the connective tissue
  • Type I collagen
  • Type II collagen
  • Type III collagen
• Reticular fibers


  Very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form a supporting network
• Elastic fibers


  Have a structure similar to coiled metal bed springs, able to recoil to original shape after being stretched
• Classification of connective tissue

  • Loose Connective Tissue
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Dense Connective Tissue
  • Cartilage
  • Bones
  • Blood
• Loose connective tissue


  • Rich in vessels and nerves
  • Holds organs in place and attaches epithelial tissue to other underlying tissues
  • Has an extracellular matrix consisting mostly of collagen and a few elastic fibers
  • The most common cells found are the fibroblasts which are responsible for the production of the matrix
• Reticular Fibers


  •Give support to individual cells.
• Elastic Fibers


  •Found in lungs, bladder, blood vessels.
• Adipose Tissue


  •Has an extracellular matrix with collagen and elastic fibers but it is not a typical connective tissue because it has very little extracellular matrix.
• Adipose tissue


  •Filled with lipids (store energy)
• Adipose tissue


  •Mammary glands, mesenteric
• Panniculus Adipose


  •is the main reservoir of fat in the body that found beneath the skin.
• Adipose Tiisue

  •Yellow Adipose

  Brown Adipose Tissue
• Yellow Adipose Tissue


  •Contain large fat droplets, only a small amount of cytoplasm and flattened, non centrally located nuclei.
• Brown Adipose tissue


  •Contain fat droplets of differing sizes, a large amount of cytoplasm, numerous mitochondria, and a round centrally located nucleus.
• Dense Connective Tissue


  •Has a extracellular matrix that consists of densely packed fibers produced by fibroblasts.
• Dense Connective Tissue

  •Dense Collagenous Connective Tissue

  •Dense Elastic Connective Tissue
• Dense Collagenous Fiber


  •Has extracellular matrix consisting mostly of collagen fibers.
• Dense Collagenous Fiber

  •These Structures are made up of tissues that include tendons, many ligaments,  and much of the dermis which is the connective tissue of the skin.
• Dense Collagenous Fiber


  •Ability to withstand great pulling forces exerted in the direction of fiber orientation, great tensile strength and stretch resistance.
• Dense Elastic Fibers


  •Has abundant elastic fibers among collagen fibers.
• DENSE COLLAGENOUS Fiber

  •Allows the tissue to stretch and recoil.

  •Capable of stretching and recoiling like rubber band with strength in the direction of fiber orientation.

  •Vertebrae along the dorsal aspect of the neck and in vocal chords.
• Cartilage


  •Jelly – like matrix containing collagen and elastic fibers and chondrocytes surrounded by a membrane called the perichondrium.
• Cartilage


  •Unlike CT, cartilage has NO blood vessels or nerves except on the perichondrium.
• Hyaline Cartilage


  •The abundant type of cartilage and has many function.

  •It covers the ends of bones where bones come together to form joints.

  •In joints, hyaline forms smooth, resilient surfaces that can withstand repeated compression.
• Fibrocartilage


  •Contains bundles of collagen in the matrix that are usually more visible under microscopy.

  •Found in the disk between vertebrae ( bones of the back) and in some joints such as the knee and temporomandibular joints.
• Elastic Cartilage


  •Threadlike network of elastic fibers within the matrix.

  •Found in external ears, auditory tubes and epiglottis. Able to recoil to its original shape when bent
• Bone


  •Is a hard connective tissue that consists of living cells and a mineralized matrix.

  •Bone cells (osteocytes)are located within spaces in the matrix called lacunae.
• Types of Bones


  •Compact bone (Cortical Bone)

  Cancellous Bones (Spongy bone)
• Spongy Bone


  -Also called Cancellous bone or trabecular bone

  • It is found in the long bones and it is surrounded by compact bones
• Compact bone

  • also called as cortical bone
  • Are heavy end tough and compact in nature
• Blood

  • It is Fluid Connective Tissue
  • it is composed of 55% plasma and 45% formed elements. Including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
• Blood


  Provides the Body’s Cell with Oxygen and Remove Carbon Dioxide

  • absorbs oxygen from air in the lungs.
• Blood


  Transports Nutrients and Hormones

  • plays a large role in digestion and endocrine system function. digested nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through capillaries in the villi that line the small intestine. These nutrients include glucose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids.
• • Regulates Body Temperature
  • absorbs and distributes heat throughout the body. It helps to maintain homeostasis through the release or conservation of warmth. Blood vessels expand and contract when they react to outside organisms, such as bacteria, and to internal hormone and chemical changes.
• Platelets

  • It Clots Blood at Sites of Injury
  • When a blood vessel tears, platelets and plasma proteins work together to stop blood loss.