CB6

• osmosis 


  The diffusion of water molecules from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a semi permeable membrane
• Active transport


  The movement of substances against their concentration gradient. Substances move from an area of low concentration to high concentration
• diffusion 


  The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration
• photosynthesis equation


  carbon dioxide + water - oxygen + glucose
• where does photosynthesis occur?

  Chloroplasts
• How are palisade cells adapted for photosynthesis?

  Has a large surface area and lots of chloroplasts so they can absorb a large amount of sunlight and undergo the photosynthesis process effectively

  Also produces a lot of food for the cell (from the chloroplast)
• How does stomata open and close?

  They are surrounded by guard cells which swell to close the stomata or reduce size to open it. This controls the exchange of gases
• Transpiration


  flow of in water into root, up the stem and out the leaves
• Xylem function 


  specialised cells which transport water through a plant. During the development the cells die, and the top and bottom disintegrate.

  They have no cytoplasm so water can flow through the cells easily and no cell walls so water can flow from cell to cell easily
• Phloem function 


  Sucrose is transported in the sieve tubes out of phloem tissue
• Companion cells 


  Actively pump sucrose in or out of the sieve cells through the sieve tubes
• Translocation 


  The transport of dissolved sugars around a plant in the phloem
• What factors impact transpiration?

  Wind (moves water away from stomata)

  Low humidity (less water in air increases diffusion)

  Higher temperature (Particles move quicker so increases diffusion)

  Greater light intensity (stomata opens more)
• How are root hair cells adapted?

  lots of mitochondria for energy for active transport

  long hair like structure to sweep substances along

  large surface area