Nervous system and homones

• Nervous system uses electrical signals
• Hormonal system uses chemical signals
• The nervous system effects muscles and glands
• the hormonal system effects target cells and organs
• the nervous system is very rapid
• the hormonal system is slow
• a nervous impulse last a short time
• a hormone lasts a long time
• changes in the environment are detected by receptors
• nerves are controlled by the CNS
• THE CNS consists of the Brain and Spinal Chord
• Effectors carry out a response
• Neurons are nerve cells which carry information as tiny signals
• sensory neurons carry information from the receptors to the brain and spinal cord
• relay neurons carry messages from one part of the CNS to another
• motor neurons carry messages from the CNS to effectors (muscles or glands)
• a synapse is a tiny gap where two neurons meet and signals cross the gap using chemicals
• voluntary responses are made under conscious control
• involuntary responses are sudden and automatic and not under control of the brain
• Reflex Arc

  A) Message to the brain

  B) Spinal chord

  C) Effector

  D) relay neuron

  E) motor neuron

  F) sensory neuron

  G) receptor

  
• ADH is the hormone that controls water levels in blood
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment
• a hormone is a chemical substance produced by a gland and carried into the bloodstream which alters the activity of a target organ
• diabetes is a condition where blood glucose levels remain too high
• the pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels
• glucagon raises blood glucose levels by causing liver cells to release stored glucose into the blood
• type 1 diabetes is caused by genetics or virus as a child
• type 1 diabetes
• type 2 diabetes can be treated with dietary changes and exercise
• type 1 diabetes is when the pancreas stops producing insulin`
• type 1 diabetes can be controlled by

  • monitoring your diet
  • monitoring blood glucose levels
  • injecting insulin
• type 2 diabetes is when the body becomes resistant to insulin so it doesn't work properly
• short term symptoms of diabetes

  • High blood glucose
  • Glucose in urine
  • Lethargy
  • Thirst
• diabetes is caused by poor lifestyle choices such as being overweight or obese
• the main treatment for type 2 diabetes is weight loss through healthy eating and regular exercise
• Long term effects of diabetes

  • Eye damage or blindness
  • Kidney failure
  • heart disease
  • Strokes
  • nerve damage leading to amputations
• The pancreas produces hormone called insulin which regulates the amount of sugar (glucose) in our blood.
• Type 2 diabetes and obesity is rising in the UK because

  1. Increased sugar content in processed foods
  2. More fast food outlets and advertising
  3. less exercise in the population
  4. fatty and sugary foods are usually cheaper than the healthier option
• excretory system

  A) cortex

  B) medulla

  C) renal pelvis

  D) urethra

  E) ureter

  F) bladder

  G) renal artery

  
• function of the kidneys

  remove waste from the body

  osmoregulation