PMLS - LEC (mid)

• FBS


  Fasting blood sugar, 6-8 hours
• Lipid profile


  Triglyceride, cholesterol (high (good) & low (bad) density lipoprotein), etc., 12-14 hours
• HDL


  Good cholesterol brings towards the liver
• LDL


  Bad cholesterol away from the liver
• VLDL


  Very low density lipoprotein
• If both FBS and lipid

  10-12 hours fasting
• NPO


  Non per orem, nothing by mouth
• Fasting samples are usually collected in the morning
• Ideal fasting time


  In night
• TBM


  Therapeutic blood monitoring, usually for timed samples
• TBM process


  1. Take a sample before the dose to measure the level of medication

  2. After 15-30 mins: peak level, trough level: predose level of medication
• Bacterial resistance if time of drinking medicine is not followed
• STAT


  Requested in ER
• STAT example


  • Throponin i
• ASAP


  1. 4 hrs, timer starts once samples arrives at lab
• Chain of custody


  Drug testing as a precaution to addict or alleged addicted patients
• 1st time blood donators

  Needs to be at least 55kg
• 2nd time blood donators

  Needs to be at least 50kg
• If donator is below that range, blood may flow more slowly
• Thin smear


  To identify the malaria
• Think smear


  To check the load of malaria
• Diabetes is hereditary
• Diabetes can lead to hypertensive (high blood)
• Gestational diabetes


  Pregnant mothers have a chance to have type 2 diabetes
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

  1. Pregnant women undergoes fasting

  2. Intakes trutol after every sample extraction

  3. Patient must not throw up the trutol
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test sample collection

  • Fasting, first sample
  • After two hours, second sample
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test sample collection (alternative)

  • Fasting, first sample
  • After one hour, second sample
  • After another hour, third sample
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test sample collection (alternative)


  • One sample after every hour from first sample
• Hemoglobin A1c


  Standard in diabetes diagnosis, 2-3months (average of glucose in blood), whole blood (lavender top)
• Bleeding time


  For platelets (2-4mins)
• CT-BT


  1. Check every 30 seconds if bleeding or clotting has stopped

  2. Measured every 30 secs
• Standard cleaning for blood culture

  Alcohol, povidone, alcohol
• B cell


  Produces antibodies, lymphocytes produced in bone marrow
• Antibodies


  Fights viruses
• Bacteriostatic Effect


  Slows down bacteria metabolism and multiplication
• Bactericial


  Kills bacteria
• 24-hour collection


  After first ihi of the day
• Double Voidal


  After second ihi
• Catheterized Urine Collection


  Inserted in the genutald
• Urine Culture collection


  Using clean-catch midstream