EAPP

• Academic


  In relation to the academe and/or education which is the source of knowledge, new learnings, skills, values and habits
• Academic text


  Educational texts, including school books, newspapers, articles, textbooks and anything written by experts in various fields of specializations
• Academic texts use jargons, are not opinionated, but backed up with valid and reliable information, and usually cite further references
• Students take a surface approach to reading academic texts

  They do not question the author's arguments and take the author's ideas at face value
• Reading academic texts requires more than surface reading, it is a process of working with the text
• Types of academic texts

  • Textbooks
  • Student essays
  • Theses/Dissertations
  • Research articles
  • Case studies
  • Reports
• Non-academic texts


  Written for the mass public, published quickly, written by anyone, language is informal and may contain slang, author may not be provided and will not have any credentials listed
• Types of non-academic texts

  • Resolutions
  • Contracts
  • Application papers
  • Business documents
  • Oath/pledges
  • Journalistic articles
  • Editorials/cartoons
  • Science features
• Text structure


  How information is organized in a passage, can change within a work and even within a paragraph, depends on the purpose of the text
• Structures of academic texts

  • Three-part essay (Introduction, Body, Conclusion)
  • IMRaD (Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion)
• Three-part essay


  • Introduction (10-20% of length, most general to most specific information)
  • Body (develops the topic, largest part of essay)
  • Conclusion (summarizes main scope/structure, confirms topic, ends with general statement)
• IMRaD format


  • Introduction (shows author's knowledge and existing research)
  • Method (documents what the author did and did not do)
  • Results (findings, organized, classified, analyzed, categorized, explained, interpreted)
  • Discussion (determines strong/weak aspects, practical implications)
• When reading academic texts, you may encounter difficulties due to lack of context, so searching related topics can help
• When reading academic texts, it's important to read every sentence, define unfamiliar words, understand what the text is saying, reflect on the explanation, and be mindful in interpreting
• Avoid reading articles from Wikipedia, try exploring Google Scholar instead for reliable sources
• Outlining


  A list divided into headings and subheadings that distinguish main points from supporting points, presents a picture of the main ideas and supporting ideas
• Alphanumeric outline format

  • I. Introduction

  II. A. Topic Sentence 1

  1. Supporting Detail 1

  2. Supporting Detail 2

  B. Topic Sentence 2

  1. Supporting Detail 1

  2. Supporting Detail 2

  III. Conclusion
• Thesis statement


  A short, usually one-sentence statement that summarizes the main point or claim of an essay, identifies the main idea and/or central purpose
• Tips for writing a good thesis statement: be clear and concise, do not say much, just what is important, avoid technical language, avoid injecting personal touch
• Thesis statements

  • The moral of this novel is that love always wins.

  Those running for President should be held to a higher standard of ethical behavior.

  The vaccine created by our team of researchers is promising in the fight against the virus.
• Paraphrase


  Rephrasing the lines in one's own words according to one's understanding, can be longer or shorter than the original
• Tips for paraphrasing: read carefully to understand meaning, confirm meaning of unfamiliar terms, restate sentence by sentence in own words, fine tune sentence construction
• Précis


  Summing up of an academic or official document in one's own words, similar to an abstract
• Tips for writing a précis: read passage several times, note key points, restate each paragraph in 1-3 sentences, retain original order of points, check against original
• Summary


  Summing up of presented material in a relatively less lengthy way than the original, restates only the author's main ideas, omitting extraneous examples and evidence
• Tips for summarizing: shorten the text to include all facts but leave out examples/evaluations/interpretations, skim to know main content, read again to understand details, make notes, form sentences with keywords, use simple present/past, check summary
• Abstract


  A summary, usually in one paragraph of 300 words or less, of the major aspects of an entire paper, including purpose, design, findings, and conclusions
• According to https://www.englishchhilfen.de/en/words/wummary.htm, in summarizing a text that you have read, the following Tips will be of great help:
• Summarizing a text


  1. Shorten the text in such a way that all facts are in the summary. Leave out examples, evaluations and interpretations.

  2. Skim the text. You should know what is the main content of it.

  3. Read the text again to understand more details.

  4. Make notes.

  5. Form sentences with the help of your keywords.

  6. Connect the sentences using suitable conjunctions.

  7. Use simple present or simple past

  8. Check your summary
• Abstract


  A summary, usually in one paragraph of 300 words or less, of the major aspects of the entire paper in a prescribed sequence
• Writing an abstract


  1. Identify the problem and research solution.

  2. Stick to the word count.

  3. Include information on methods and results.

  4. Mention the implications of your research.

  5. Review and update the abstract
• Reaction paper


  An essay in which you describe the emotions of a certain person, object or event caused in you. It is not only an expression of your emotion, but a reaction paper is a type of academic paper that requires ability to present thoughts and ideas in a scholarly manner.
• Writing a reaction paper

  1. READ OR WATCH CAREFULLY

  2. UNDERSTAND THE ASSIGNMENT

  3. IDENTIFY THE MAIN POINTS

  4. EXPRESS YOUR REACTION

  5. PROVIDE EVIDENCE

  6. ANALYZE AND REFLECT

  7. CONSIDER THE AUDIENCE

  8. STRUCTURE YOUR PAPER

  9. PROOFREAD AND EDIT
• Purposes of a reaction paper

  • Developing the ability to express oneself in an academic and professional manner
  • Selecting one aspect of a larger subject area to explore
  • Revealing valuable skills like research, understanding, and communication
  • Exploring a particular topic, showing understanding of material, exercising verbal skills, and expressing own opinion
• Parts of a reaction paper

  1. A summary of the work

  2. Your reaction to the work
• Tips in Writing a Reaction Paper:
• Review/Critique


  A critical and careful examination of another writer's work, almost like a peer review
• A review or critique may provide an overall assessment or may focus on specific parts of a piece of work.
• User review


  Reviews from various home appliances, technical gadgets, phones, etc.
• Peer review


  Reviews used by scholars to assess the works of their colleagues.