quiz 4

• Translation:

  • focuses on written content
• Translator training:

  • trained in art and science of understanding 2 or more languages in relationship to each other
• translator skills:

  • understanding other people culture, place and time
  • specialized training
  • effective writer
  • ethical
• translator timing:

  • happens over a period of time with access to external resources
• Translator work setting:

  • business
  • education
  • science
  • technical industries
  • health
  • legal
  • literary
• Interpretation:

  • focuses on spoken language in real time
• Interpreter training:

  • optimize their working memory to render content much more quickly using appropriate interpreting modes
• Interpreters skills:

  • highly proficient in both or multiple languages
  • high professional standards and ethics
  • short term and long term memory is crucial
• Interpreter timing:

  • takes place on the spot during a live scenario
• Interpreter work setting:

  • schools
  • hospitals
  • courtrooms
  • detention facilities
  • conference centers
• consecutive interpretation:

  • the person requiring interpretation participates in a direct communication
  • speaker speaks - interpreter translates for the second party - the respondent answers - the interpreter translates again
• simultaneous interpretation:

  • used for people who are primarily listeners rather than speakers
  • interpreter listens to the speaker without pauses and continues to translate into the second language while the speakers continuous on
• sight interpretation:

  • a specialized area in which an interpreter reads a document in one language and recites it aloud in another
• code of ethics - professional conduct:

  • take responsibility for their work and conduct
  • committed to providing quality service in a respective and culturally sensitive manner
  • dealing honestly and fairly
• code of ethics - confidentiality:

  • do not disclose information acquired in the course of their work
• code of ethics - competence:

  • only take work they are competent to perform
• code of ethics - impartiality:

  • remain unbiased throughout the communication exchange
• code of ethics - accuracy:

  • use their best professional judgement to remain faithful at all times
• code of ethics - clarity of role boundaries:

  • maintain clear boundaries between their tasks and any task that may be undertaken by other parties involved in the assignment
• code of ethics - maintaining professional relationships:

  • responsible for their quality of their work with interpreting or translation agencies
• code of ethics - professional development:

  • continues to develop their professional knowledge and skills
• code of ethics - professional solidarity:

  • respect and support their follow professionals
  • uphold the reputation and trustworthiness of the profession of interpreting and translating
• nonverbal communication:

  • may be vocal or non vocal
  • bound to culture
  • accounts for 65, 70 and 90% of human communication
  • always must be done within a social or culture context
• Kinesics (body language):

  • Physical movement
  • affective display
  • face, hands, arms, posture, pointing, waving, beckoning
• occulesics (eyes):

  • eye behavior
  • visual sense is dominant for most people
  • can communicate -> interest, affection, hostility, attraction, contempt
• Proxemics (social distance):

  • social use of space in a communication situation
  • sends a message of your comfort
  • need of space depends on culture, situation, nature of relationship
• haptics (physical contact):

  • indicates the type of touch and its frequency and intensity
  • cultures differ in
  • high contact
  • moderate touch
  • low contact
• paralinguistics (voice):

  • vocal ques
  • nonphonemic qualities of language
  • vocal characterizers (laughing, crying, yawning)
  • vocal qualifiers (volume, pitch, rhythm)
  • vocal segregation (mmm, uh-huh, oooh)
  • vocal rate (speed)
• Chronemics (time):

  • punctuality - Business or social culture
  • polychronic time approach - family and social life comes first
  • monochronic time approach - strictly sticking to schedule
• appearance:

  • look
  • style
  • physical appearance
• Olfactics (scent):

  • cultural bound
  • associated with proxemics
  • the closer the person is the more relevant the smell is