may be culture-bound

• P- the criteria used in the 'ideal mental health' definition is not equally applicable across other cultures
• E- jahoda's emphasis on personal growth (self-actualisation) and individual autonomy reflects western individualistic cultures and not collectivist cultures
• E- the concept of self-actualisation would probably be dismissed as self-indulgent in other parts of the world
• L- this means that the definition is ethnocentric and should only be used in the culture in which it has been developed. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the concept of ideal mental health from one culture to another