AGEXT

• Agricultural Extension 1100
• History of Extension in the Philippines
• Parts of the history of extension in the Philippines

  • Extension during the Spanish era
  • Extension during the American regime, commonwealth and post war
  • The Bureau of Agricultural extension
  • Creation of ATI
  • The AFMA of 1997
  • Other selected laws
• Engr. ALDRIN E. BADUA, PhD. Associate Professor I
• EARLY BEGINNINGS… EXTENSION
• University Extension


  First commonly used in Britain
• University Extension in Britain


  1. Two ancient universities began discussing how they could serve the needs of the rapidly growing population in the industrial, urban areas

  2. First practical attempt was made in what was designated UNIVERSITY EXTENSION for people who could not qualify for entry into university
• JAMES STUART


  Father of University Extension
• University Extension in Britain

  1. Appealed to university authorities to organize CENTERS FOR EXTENSION LECTURES under the university's supervision

  2. Lectured on literacy, social topics
• The system was adopted by the University of Cambridge in 1873, University of London in 1876, and University of Oxford in 1878
• The ROYAL AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT SOCIETY (RAIS) was founded in Britain in 1841
• Outbreak of potato blight in Europe in 1846, with the most severe effect in Ireland
• RAIS response to potato blight in Ireland

  Wrote to send ITENERANT LECTURERS to the distressed areas to INFORM and SHOW small farmers how to IMPROVE CULTIVATION and GROW NUTRITIOUS CROPS
• The MORILL ACT of 1862 was signed by Pres. Lincoln during the Civil War, providing for the creation of LAND GRANT COLLEGES and UNIVERSITIES with funds from the Federal Government to establish demonstration centers/experimental stations
• Start of FARMERS' INSTITUTE MOVEMENTS in the 1850s in the USA, organized 1-2 day meetings for farmers and invited professors from SUCs as speakers
• The Second Morill Act was passed in 1890, extending the Land-Grant concept in other areas of the US
• Cooperative Extension Service


  A cooperation of the federal, state, and local county governments, with the SUCs, as an AGENCY to aid DIFFUSION of USEFUL and PRACTICAL INFORMATION on AGRICULTURE, HOME ECONOMICS and related subjects
• The SMITH-LEVER ACT was passed in 1914, establishing the Cooperative Extension Service
• Parts of the history of extension in the Philippines

  • Extension during the Spanish Era, 1565
  • Extension during the American Regime, 1901
  • Commonwealth Period
  • Post-war Period
  • The BAEx Becomes a Staff Bureau
  • The Creation of Agricultural Training Institute
  • The Decentralization Act of 1991
  • The AFMA of 1997
• GRANJA MODELOS or model farms were initiated by the first Spanish missionaries to serve as experimental stations of the Spanish gov't and demonstration centers for farmers
• Farmers were initially educated on growing rice, sugarcane and tobacco
• Myrrh birds (Martinez) from China were introduced and acclimatized to fight against migratory locus infestation in the Philippines
• Plan General Economico included the income generating monopolies of tobacco, jareta nut, spirituous liquors and explosives
• The Department of Agriculture and Manufacturing was created on June 23, 1898
• Homestead Law: every Filipino citizen had the opportunity to acquire at least 24 hectares of land
• Torrens Act: safeguard of all titles to cultivated lands owned by private persons
• The Bureau of Agriculture was organized under the Department of Interior on April 30, 1902 to give boost to extension work
• Extension work under the American regime

  1. The Demonstration and Extension Division was created in the Bureau of Agriculture making it the first organized department implementing R&E programs

  2. Experiment stations and demonstration farms were set up in strategic places in the country

  3. Agricultural schools were also established to educate and train government agricultural workers
• Extension work under the American regime (continued)

  1. The extension service was made a separate unit of the Bureau of Agriculture

  2. The Demonstration Extension Division expanded its work to include farmers' cooperatives, rural credit, marketing, and animal science
• Farm Advisers


  Persons engaged in extension work
• Changes in extension work under the American regime

  1. The name of Demonstration and Extension Division was changed to Agricultural Extension Service

  2. Maria Y. Orosa founded the Home Extension Service, starting as a unit under the Organic Chemistry Division of the Bureau of Science

  3. The Food Preservation Section of the Organic Chemistry Division was organized

  4. The Food Preservation Section expanded to a Division under the Bureau of Science

  5. The Fiber Standardization Board was created

  6. The Bureau of Agriculture was reorganized with the creation of the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) and Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI)
• Further changes in extension work under the American regime

  1. The Demonstration and Extension Division was renamed Agricultural Division

  2. The Fiber Standardization Board was abolished and the Fiber Inspection Service was returned to the Department of Agriculture and Commerce

  3. The Division of Soil Survey was created to undertake soil and agronomical survey
• Commonwealth Act No. 85 created the Provincial Extension Services in 1936, allowing for wider field coverage and Local Government's participation in financing extension programs
• The position of Provincial Agriculturist was created in 1936
• Extension Agents


  Farm Advisers were now called
• Changes during the Commonwealth Period

  1. The Division of Home Economics was transferred to BPI in 1936

  2. Commonwealth Act 85 authorized each province to employ home demonstrators, usually high school graduates given 6-month pre-service training with the BPI's Plant Utilization Division in 1937

  3. BAI established its Livestock Extension Division in 1938

  4. BPI gave greater attention to rice, corn, tobacco, and other major crops, after initially focusing on fruit trees, vegetables and ornamental plants in 1941
• Home economics and agricultural extension work suffered major drawbacks and was paralyzed during the Japanese Occupation (1942-1945)
• The Philippines did not raise enough food for the people and was not self-sufficient, a period of Rude Awakening
• Parity Rights were given to the Americans under Pres. Manuel A. Roxas (1946-1948), allowing for the disposition, exploitation, development, and use of all public agricultural timber and mineral lands
• The Rehabilitation Finance Corporation (now DBP) was established for the rehabilitation and development of agriculture among others