glass

• Raw materials for glass

  • Sand
  • Soda-ash
  • Limestone
  • Dolomite
  • Feldspar
  • Sodium sulphate
• Glass


  Solidified liquid

  
• Glass


  • Its transparency opens up our structures to the outside world
  • Allows light and heat to come in
  • Available in several opacities and various textures and finishes

  
• Basic types of glass

  • Float glass
  • Sheet Glass
  • Patterned Glass
  • Wired Glass

  
• Float glass


  • Most widely used
  • Monolithic and highly transparent
  • Uniform thickness, flatness, and excellent optical quality
  • Two varieties: clear and tinted
  • Can be toughened to create safety glass
  • Thickness: 2-19mm
  • Can be colored during manufacturing

  
• Sheet glass


  • Three kinds: Annealed, Processed, Miscellaneous
  • Actual color - green
  • Thickness: 2-6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 19mm
  • Best used in windows, shelves, large doors, tabletops

  
• Patterned glass


  • Also known as "figured" or "rolled glass"
  • Has pattern or texture on one or both sides
  • Patterned decorative design provides translucency and some degree of obscurity
  • Uses: decorative glazing of windows, bathroom partitions, doors
  • Disadvantage: difficult to clean as dust settles between the crevices
  • Thickness: 4mm, 6mm

  
• Wired glass


  • Fine hexagonal wire mesh inserted during rolling
  • May be patterned, smooth rolled, or ground and polished
  • Used in fire rated windows and doors, skylights and applications requiring safety glazing material
  • When broken, loose pieces are held by the wire netting
  • Thickness: 5-7mm
• Modified varieties of glass

  • Reflective Glass
  • Insulating Glass
  • Safety Glass
  • Laminated
  • Toughened
  • Glass bricks
  • Tinted glass
  • Stained Glass

  
• Reflective glass


  • Coating of metal compound applied to one surface
  • Reflects light and solar heat
  • May be applied to any type of glass
  • Uses: curtain wall glazing, structural glazing, doors & windows, partitions
  • Disadvantages: causes light pollution and hazardous to traffic
• Insulating glass


  • Factory assembled
  • Two or more panes separated by air spaces
  • Moisture proof
  • Periphery of the air spaces is hermetically sealed
  • Two types of sealed units: Organic seal type, Glass edge type
• Types of safety glass

  • Laminated
  • Toughened

  
• Laminated safety glass


  • Made in the form of sandwich consisting of an interlayer of transparent plastic material such as celluloid between two sheets of plate or sheet glass
  • Celluloid placed between sheets - coated with gelatin and specially prepared enamel
  • Adhesion achieved by heat and pressure
  • When broken, glass adheres to interlayer
• Toughened safety glass


  • Glass suspended in electric furnace until soft and suddenly cooled by blowing air on both sides
  • Fragments have no cutting edge
  • Withstands a dead load more than 4x than of ordinary glass
  • Can accommodate high tensile forces due to the pre-stress
  • Fracture occurs once pre-stress has been exceeded
• Glass bricks


  • Hollow glass units
  • Joined by silicon sealants
  • Outer surfaces may be smooth or textured
  • Can be colored and have decorated surfaces
  • May be used in meeting fire resistance requirements
• Tinted glass


  • Manufactured by adding dye at the molten glass stage
  • Used to minimize solar heat gain and glare while it also absorbs heat
  • Available in grey, bronze, green, blue, and blue-green
  • Allows for increased control of comfort and energy usage
• Stained glass


  • Addition of various metallic oxides while it is in a molten state
  • The term stained glass has come to refer primarily to the glass employed in making ornamental or pictorial windows