AO1

• What does manipulation of the independent variable mean in an experiment?

  Actively changing it by the researcher
• Why is the manipulation of the independent variable important?

  To observe its effect on the dependent variable
• What does the experimental method involve?

  Manipulation of an independent variable
• What are the four types of experiments?

  • Laboratory
  • Field
  • Natural
  • Quasi
• Where are laboratory experiments conducted?

  In highly controlled environments
• Can a classroom be considered a laboratory for experiments?

  Yes, if conditions are well controlled
• What characterizes field experiments?

  Manipulation in a natural everyday setting
• How does a researcher conduct a field experiment?

  By going to participants' usual environment
• What distinguishes natural experiments from other types?

  The researcher has no control over the independent variable
• What does it mean when the independent variable is described as 'natural' in a natural experiment?

  It varies due to external factors, not manipulation
• Can the dependent variable in a natural experiment be devised by the researcher?

  Yes, it may be naturally occurring or devised
• What defines quasi experiments?

  An independent variable based on existing differences
• How does a quasi experiment differ from a natural experiment?

  Quasi experiments have existing differences, not manipulation
• In a study comparing anxiety levels, what would be the independent variable?

  Having a phobia
• What can the dependent variable in a quasi experiment be?

  It may be naturally occurring or measured