AO3

• What is a risk associated with covert observations?

  Observer bias can affect behavior interpretation
• What is a benefit of covert observations?

  Behavior is more natural
• How does covert observation increase validity?

  Participants are unaware, leading to authentic behavior
• What ethical concern arises from covert observations?

  Lack of informed consent
• What is a disadvantage of covert observation regarding data recording?

  Difficulty in taking detailed notes
• What is a key advantage of overt observation?

  Participants provide informed consent
• What is a disadvantage of overt observation related to participant behavior?

  Hawthorne Effect may occur
• How does overt observation affect data recording?

  Researchers can take notes easily
• What is a strength of natural observations?

  High ecological validity
• What is a weakness of natural observations regarding control?

  Lack of control over variables
• What is a challenge of analyzing data from natural observations?

  It can be time-consuming
• What is a key strength of controlled observations?

  Replicability of procedures
• What is a disadvantage of controlled observations related to ecological validity?

  Low ecological validity due to artificial settings
• What is a strength of participant observation?

  In-depth understanding of group culture
• What is a limitation of participant observation regarding researcher bias?

  Researchers may influence group behavior
• What is a challenge faced in participant observation?

  Time-consuming and labor-intensive
• What is a potential issue with non-participant observation?

  Lack of depth in understanding behavior
• What is a strength of self-report measures?

  Greater understanding of thoughts and feelings
• What is a disadvantage of questionnaires related to response rates?

  Low response rate can occur
• What is a key principle for writing effective questionnaires?

  Clarity in questions is essential
• What is a common issue with structured interviews?

  Lack of detail in responses
• What is a challenge in unstructured interviews?

  Time-consuming and smaller sample size
• What should be considered when recording interviews?

  Effect on listening skills and participant comfort
• What is a strength of case studies?

  Provides rich, in-depth data
• What is a limitation of case studies regarding generalizability?

  Findings usually cannot be generalized