synthetic routes

Cards (35)

  • alcohol to alkene
    conc H2SO4 / H3PO4 & heat
  • alcohol to aldehyde
    primary alcohol
    distil
    K2Cr2O7/H+
  • alcohol to ketone
    secondary alcohol
    reflux
    K2Cr2O7/H+
  • aldehyde to carboxylic acid
    K2Cr2O7/H+
    reflux
  • alcohol to ester
    add carboxylic acid / acyl chloride
    acid catalyst
    heat
  • alcohol to haloalkane
    halogen salt (NaCl)
    H2SO4
    heat
  • alkene to alcohol
    steam
    H3PO4 catalyst
    heat
  • alkene to alkane
    H2
    nickel (Ni) catalyst
    heat
  • alkene to haloalkane
    HBr / HCl
    20 degrees
  • alkane to haloalkane
    halogen (Br2 / Cl2)
    UV light
  • haloalkane to alcohol
    warm NaOH
    H2O
    reflux
  • haloalkane to amine
    excess ammonia / NH3
    heat
  • haloalkane to nitrile
    NaCN
    ethanol
    reflux
  • aldehyde to alcohol
    NaBH4
    water
  • ketone to alcohol
    NaBH4
    water
  • carbonyl to hydroxynitrile
    HCN
  • hydroxynitrile to amine
    Ni / nickel
    H2
  • nitrile to carboxylic acid
    dilute HCl
    reflux
  • hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid
    dilute HCl
    reflux
  • carboxylic acid to ester
    add alcohol
    acid catalyst
    heat
  • ester to alcohol
    dilute acid or alkali
    reflux
  • ester to carboxylic acid
    dilute acid or alkali
    reflux
  • carboxylic acid to acyl chloride
    SOCl2
  • acyl chloride to carboxylic acid
    cold H2O
  • acyl chloride to primary amide
    NH3
    HEAT
  • acyl chloride to secondary amide
    amine
    20 degrees
  • benzene to halobenzene
    Br2 / halogen
    halogen carrier (AlBr3)
    acid catalyst (H2SO4)
  • benzene to nitrobenzene
    conc HNO3
    conc H2SO4
    heat
  • nitrobenzene to phenylamine
    Sn / tin
    conc HCl
  • benzene to alkyl benzene (a methyl group added)
    CH3Cl / haloalkane
    halogen carrier / AlCl3
  • benzene to phenylketone (ketone on a benzene)
    CH3COCl / acyl chloride
    halogen carrier / AlCl3
  • phenol to sodium phenoxide (the O- Na+ one)
    NaOH
  • phenol to tribromophenol
    bromine water / Br2
  • phenol to nitrophenol
    dilute HNO3
  • phenol to phenylester
    acyl chloride