What’s in Cells?

• Unicellular


  Life forms consisting of one cell
• Unicellular life forms

  • E-coli
  • Parassium
  • Amoeba
• E-Coli


  • Mostly friendly bacteria
  • Lives in our gut
  • 2μm
• Parassium


  • Pond water creature
  • Engulfs bacteria
  • 100-350 μm
• Amoeba


  • Pond water predator
  • May engulf Parassium
  • 100-350 μm
• Multicellular


  Life forms consisting of more than 1 cell
• Measurement units

  • 1m = 100cm
  • 1cm = 10mm
  • 1mm = 1000μm
  • 1μm = 1000nm
• Prokaryotic Cells

  • have a membrane
  • nucleus is not membrane-bound
  • genetic material floats around
  • most often uni-cellular organisms
• Bacterial Cell

  A) Chromosonal DNA

  B) Cell membrane

  C) Plasmid DNA

  D) Flagellum

  E) Cytoplasm

  F) Cell wall

  G) Ribosomes

  
• Eukaryotic Cell

  • have a membrane
  • double walled membrane around nucleus
  • membranes also surround internal organelles
• Animal cell: Eukaryotic

  A) Nucleus

  B) Ribosomes

  C) Cell membrane

  D) mitochondria

  E) Cytoplasm

  
• Plant cell: Eukaryotic

  A) Cell wall

  B) mitochondria

  C) vacuole

  D) Cytoplasm

  E) Cell membrane

  F) chloroplast

  G) Nucleus

  
• Fungi: Eukaryotic

  A) Cytoplasm

  B) mitochondria

  C) ribosome

  D) Nucleus

  E) Cell wall

  F) cell membrane

  
• Bacteria:

  • prokaryotic
  • singled celled
  • cluster to form colonies
  • plasmid- circular DNA
  • reproduce asexually through binary fissions
• Fungi:

  • eukaryotic
  • can be edible or toxic
  • live in aquatic environments (soil, mud, decaying plants)
  • not motile
  • not dependent upon light
• Fungi examples:

  • black bread mould
  • yeast
  • mushrooms
  • truffles
• Fungi nutrition:

  • secrete enzymes; allowing them to digest food
  • food digested outside body and nutrients absorbed from environment
• Fungi reproduction:

  asexual and sexual with reproductive cells called spores
• Viruses:

  • not living - acellular (no cell)
  • do not grow/develop
  • no respiration
• Virus reproduction:

  • ONLY reproduce in a host
  • multiply through lyctic cycle
  • virus attacks host; injects nucleic acid into host; the spreads/bursts from host
• Protists:

  • large, mixed up group
  • Eukaryotic
  • unicellular/multicellular
  • need a watery environment
  • CAN photosynthesise
  • LIKE an animal cell
  • one celled protists = protozoa
  • asexual AND sexual reproduction
• Protist nutrition:

  • animal-like mode
  • ingest food by phagocytosis (process where the cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle)
• Binary Fission:

  bacteria replicate by simple cell division

  Formula:

  number of bacteria at beginning of growth period * 2 ^ number of divisions=number of cells after growth period
• Magnification on a Microscope:

  refers to how much an observed object has been enlarged

  Total magnification= eyepiece lens magnification*objective lens magnification
• Equation for magnification:

  Magnification=image size/actual size