Genetics biology

• What does sexual reproduction produce

  Genetically different cells
• What do the mother and father produce during sexual reproductive

  Gametes
• What kind of cells are gametes

  Haploid
• What is made when sperm and egg fuses

  Zygote
• What is the process called when gametes are produced

  Meiosis
• during meiosis what does the egg do before is divides and why

  Duplicates DNA so each new cell has the correct amount of DNA
• What happens during division one of meiosis

  Chromosomes line up in pairs at the centre of the cell , the pairs are then pulled apart meaning each new cell will have a mixture of parents chromosome
• What happens during division 2 of meiosis

  Chromosomes line up again and the arms of the chromosomes ( chromotias ) are pulled apart and then 4 haploid daughter cells are produced who are genetically different to each other
• What is step one of the dna practical

  Mash strawberries and then put them in a beaker which contains detergent and salt
• What will detergent do during the dna practical

  It will break down cell membrane and dna will be released
• What will salt do during the dna pratical

  It will make the dna stick together
• What is step two of the dna pratical

  Filter the mixture to get the froth and big insoluble bits out
• what is step three of the dna practical

  Add some cold alcohol to the filtered mixture
• what is step four of the dna practical

  As the dna will start to come out of the solution because dna is not soluble in alcohol use a glass rod to gently get the dna out
• How will the dna look at the end of the dna pratical

  Stringy white percipitate
• What are chromosomes

  Long , coiled up molecules of dna
• Where are chromosomes found

  in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
• What is a gene

  A section of dna on a chromosome that codes for a particular protein
• What does the sequence of bases determine

  The protein that is produced
• What does dna make up

  The genome
• what are base pairs called

  Complementary base pairing
• How are base pairs joined

  By weak hydrogen bonds
• how are the bases paired up

  A-t

  g-c
• what is the name of the base pair called a

  Adenine
• What is the base pair called g full name

  Guanine
• full name of base pair t

  Thymine
• Full name of base pair c

  Cytosine
• what is dna make up of

  Nucleotides
• What are dna strands

  polymer
• What does polymer mean

  Lots of repating units
• what is a sugar phosphate backbone made from

  Phosphate , base and sugar
• What shape does a dna molecule have and how

  Double helix two strands coiled together
• what are alleles

  Different versions on the same gene
• how many versions of each gene do we have in our body

  Two
• What are the name of allels that are the same

  Homozygous
• What are the name of the alleles that are different

  Heterozygous
• What can alleles either be

  Dominant or ressessive
• What is our genotype made form

  Combination of alleles
• What do alleles determine.

  Characteristics which is your phenotype
• What can genetic diagrams show

  Inheritance of a single characteristic