AO3

• What is an opportunity sample?

  Using the first suitable participants found
• What is a limitation of opportunity sampling?

  It is biased from a small population part
• What is a random sample?

  All members have an equal chance of selection
• What is a limitation of random sampling?

  It requires a complete list of the population
• Why is stratified sampling considered more representative?

  It includes proportional representation of subgroups
• What is a limitation of stratified sampling?

  It is time-consuming to identify subgroups
• How does systematic sampling work?

  Participants are selected using an objective system
• What is a limitation of systematic sampling?

  It may not be truly random without random selection
• What is a volunteer sample?

  Participants volunteer to take part in research
• What is a limitation of volunteer sampling?

  Participants may have more time or motivation
• What is the lottery method in random sampling?

  Names are drawn from a barrel or hat
• How does a random number table work?

  Each member is assigned a number for selection
• What is a random number generator?

  A tool to generate random numbers for selection
• What is sampling bias?

  Distortion in sampling methods affecting results
• What is volunteer bias?

  Volunteers differ from the general population
• What is the purpose of experimental design?

  To compare the effect of an IV on a DV
• What are the different experimental designs for comparison conditions?

  • Repeated measures
  • Independent groups
  • Matched pairs
• What is repeated measures design?

  All participants experience all levels of IV
• How would you test memory with repeated measures?

  Test with TV on and off on different days
• What is independent groups design?

  Participants are split into two equal groups
• How would you test memory with independent groups?

  Group A studies with TV, Group B without
• What is matched pairs design?

  Participants are matched in pairs for comparison
• How would you test memory with matched pairs?

  Match participants and split into two groups
• What is a limitation of repeated measures design?

  Order of conditions may affect performance
• What is counterbalancing?

  A method to eliminate order effects in experiments
• What is one way to implement counterbalancing?

  Split participants into two groups for conditions
• What is another way to implement counterbalancing?

  All participants take part in each condition twice
• What is the purpose of comparing trials in counterbalancing?

  To assess the effects of order on results
• What are the strengths and limitations of different experimental designs?

  Strengths:

  • Repeated measures: controls participant variables
  • Independent groups: no order effects
  • Matched pairs: similar groups

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Repeated measures: order effects
  • Independent groups: participant variable differences
  • Matched pairs: time-consuming to match