Purposive Communication

• Communication


  The process of sending and receiving messages through verbal or nonverbal means, including speech, or oral communication; writing and graphical representations (such as infographics, maps, and charts); and signs, signals, and behaviour
• Communication


  The creation and exchange of meaning
• Communication


  A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behaviour
• Communication


  The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium
• Communication


  The successful conveying or sharing of ideas and feelings
• The Process of Communication (Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver)


  1. Sender

  2. Encoding

  3. Message

  4. Channel

  5. Receiver

  6. Decoding

  7. Feedback
• Sender

  The person who initiates the conversation and has conceptualized the idea that he intends to convey to others
• Encoding


  1. The sender uses certain words or non-verbal methods such as symbols, signs, body gestures, etc. to translate the information into a message

  2. The sender's knowledge, skills, perception, background, competencies, etc. has a great impact on the success of the message
• Message


  The information the sender intends to convey, which can be written, oral, symbolic or non-verbal such as body gestures, silence, sighs, sounds, etc. or any other signal that triggers the response of a receiver
• Channel


  1. The medium through which the sender wants to convey the message to the recipient

  2. The choice of medium depends on the interpersonal relationships between the sender and the receiver and also on the urgency of the message being sent

  3. Oral, virtual, written, sound, gesture, etc. are some of the commonly used communication mediums
• Receiver


  • The person for whom the message is intended or targeted, who tries to comprehend it in the best possible manner such that the communication objective is attained
  • The degree to which the receiver decodes the message depends on his knowledge of the subject matter, experience, trust, and relationship with the sender
• Decoding


  1. The receiver interprets the sender's message and tries to understand it in the best possible manner

  2. Effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the message in exactly the same way as it was intended by the sender
• Feedback


  1. The final step that ensures the receiver has received the message and interpreted it correctly as it was intended by the sender

  2. Feedback increases the effectiveness of the communication as it permits the sender to know the efficacy of his message

  3. The response of the receiver can be verbal or non-verbal
• NOISE


  Interference that hampers the physical transmission of a signal or message
• Physical noise

  • External to both speaker and listener
  • Hampers the physical transmission of the signal or message
• Physical noise


  • Loud party at the neighbours while you're trying to record
  • Loud kids who don't want to take their nap
  • Irritating hum of your computer, air conditioner, or heater
• Physiological noise


  • Created by barriers within the sender or receiver
• Psychological noise


  • Mental interference in the speaker or listener
• Psychological noise


  • Wandering thoughts
  • Preconceived ideas
  • Sarcasm
• Semantic noise


  Interference created when the speaker and listener have different meaning systems
• Semantic noise


  • Jargon
• Jargon


  A fantastic linguistic shortcut, if everyone listening agrees and understands the terminology
• The 7 C's of Communication


  • Clear
  • Correct
  • Complete
  • Concrete
  • Concise
  • Considerate
  • Courteous
• Clear


  The message should be clear and easily understandable to the recipient. The purpose of the communication should be clear to sender then only the receiver will be sure about it. The message should emphasize on a single goal at a time and shall not cover several ideas in a single sentence
• Correct


  The message should be correct, i.e. a correct language should be used, and the sender must ensure that there is no grammatical and spelling mistakes. Also, the message should be exact and well-timed. The correct messages have a greater impact on the receiver and at the same time, the morale of the sender increases with the accurate message
• Complete


  The message should be complete, i.e. it must include all the relevant information as required by the intended audience. The complete information gives answers to all the questions of the receivers and helps in better decision-making by the recipient
• Concrete


  The communication should be concrete, which means the message should be clear and particularly such that no room for misinterpretation is left. All the facts and figures should be clearly mentioned in a message so as to substantiate to whatever the sender is saying
• Concise


  The message should be precise and to the point. The sender should avoid the lengthy sentences and try to convey the subject matter in the least possible words. The short and brief message is more comprehensive and helps in retaining the receiver's attention
• Considerate


  The sender must take into consideration the receiver's opinions, knowledge, mindset, background, etc. in order to have an effective communication. In order to communicate, the sender must relate to the target recipient and be involved
• Courteous


  It implies that the sender must take into consideration both the feelings and viewpoints of the receiver such that the message is positive and focused at the audience. The message should not be biased and must include the terms that show respect for the recipient
• GLOBALIZATION

  ▶ Globalization is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.
• SMCR MODEL OF COMM. (DAVID BERLO)

  Sender

  Message

  Channel

  Receiver
• Multicultural communication


  Communication between people from different cultural backgrounds, emphasizing cultural diversity and involving people from varying backgrounds, races, ethnicities, and religions
• Intercultural communication


  A type of communication that occurs when people from different cultures interact with each other, where individuals are moderately aware of the differences between their own culture and the culture of the person with whom they are communicating
• Cross-cultural communication


  Goes a step further than intercultural communication, emphasizing interactions between people who have significant cultural and social differences, unlike intercultural communication which may involve communication between individuals from different cultures but sharing some similarities in values, beliefs, and practices
• Race


  An emotionally charged topic, so it is best to tread carefully with the language used and to refer to race only if it is relevant to what you have to say
• Race


  • Naturally, the Asian students won the math contest
• The word "naturally" reinforces the stereotype or generalization that Asians have superior aptitude in math
• Referring to a group

  Use the term the group prefers
• Referring to indigenous peoples of the Americas

  • "Native American" is considered the politically correct term over "Red Indians"
  • Most native American people prefer to be referred to by their specific nation or tribe