Geris

• What is the purpose of the Waterlow score?

  To identify patients at risk of pressure sores
• How can constipation affect elderly patients?

  It can cause delirium in the elderly
• What can new surroundings trigger in cognitively impaired patients?

  It can cause delirium
• What are the characteristics of delirium?

  Impairment of conscious level and psychotic symptoms
• How does Lewy body dementia typically present?

  With fluctuating cognition
• What blood tests are part of the 'Confusion Screen'?

  TSH, B12, Folate & Glucose
• Why is lying/standing blood pressure important in elderly patients?

  It helps investigate falls in the elderly
• What should be avoided in Lewy body dementia treatment?

  Avoid neuroleptics to prevent parkinsonism
• What are the symptoms of frontotemporal dementia?

  Social disinhibition and family history
• What characterizes hypoactive delirium?

  Withdrawal and sleepiness
• When should antibiotics be used in pressure ulcer treatment?

  Only if there are signs of infection
• What condition should be considered with Parkinson's plus dementia?

  Lewy body dementia
• Why should typical antipsychotics be avoided in delirious patients with Parkinson's disease?

  They may worsen Parkinson's symptoms
• What type of hallucinations are associated with Lewy body dementia?

  Visual hallucinations
• What is the onset pattern of frontotemporal lobar degeneration dementia?

  Gradual onset at a young age
• What symptoms indicate frontotemporal dementia in a middle-aged adult?

  Personality changes and social disinhibition
• What is the risk associated with antipsychotics in dementia patients?

  Significant increase in mortality
• How can Lewy body dementia be differentiated from idiopathic Parkinson's disease dementia?

  By the onset timing of dementia vs. motor symptoms
• What type of medication is Donepezil?

  Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
• What type of medication is Memantine?

  NMDA receptor antagonist
• What causes Alzheimer's disease at the cellular level?

  Cortical plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
• What is contraindicated in patients with Parkinson's disease?

  Haloperidol
• What type of cerebral atrophy is caused by Alzheimer's disease?

  Widespread cerebral atrophy mainly in cortex
• How should frailty be assessed?

  Through gait speed, health status, or PRISMA-7
• What does the STOPP tool identify?

  Medications where risk outweighs benefits
• What does the START tool suggest?

  Medications that may provide additional benefits
• What should be done if treating acute confusional state is ineffective?

  Consider using haloperidol
• What is the first-line treatment for mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease?

  Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like Donepezil