Cold War

• when was the Tehran conference?

  November 1943
• what was agreed at the Tehran conference?
• what was agreed at the Tehran conference?

  open a second front on Western Germany, United Nations to be set up, Stalin will declare war on Japan after war in Europe.
• when was the Yalta conference?

  February 1945
• what was agreed at the Yalta conference?

  Germany was to be split into 4 zones of occupation, had to pay $20 billion reparations, nazi war criminals prosecuted, nazi party banned,
• when was the first meeting for the United Nations?

  April 25th 1945
• when was the Potsdam conference?

  July- august 1945
• what was agree at the Potsdam conference?

  Germany was to still be split into 4, but economy run as a whole. Berlin was to be also split into 4
• key things that happened between Yalta and Potsdam conference (3)

  Roosevelt died, replaced with Truman. Churchill lost election, replaced with Attlee. Atomic bomb made.
• how many nations were part of the United Nations, and who was the permanent members?

  51 nations, China, Soviet Union, Britain and France
• when and where was the first atomic bomb dropped by the USA on Japan? 


  August 6th 1945, Hiroshima
• when and where was the second atomic bomb dropped by the USA on Japan? 


  August 9th 1945, Nagasaki
• how many people were killed overall in the Japan war 1945?

  120,000
• Kennan long telegram summary
• Kennan long telegram summary stalin wanted to see the destruction of capitalism
• kennan long telegram Stalin wanted to see the destruction of capitalism, life outside Soviet Union was hostile and wanted to destroy communism
• Kennan long telegram 1946 


  (soviet attitudes) Kennan was an American diplomat living in Moscow. Stalin wanted to see the destruction of capitalism, life outside Soviet Union was hostile and wanted to destroy communism
• Novikov telegram 1946 


  (US attitudes) Novikov was a Soviet diplomat living in Washington. USA wanted to see there military power dominate the world, since Roosevelts death the US no long wanted to cooperate with the Soviet Union.
• when was the iron curtain speech?

  1946
• what did the iron curtain speech say?

  communism is a threat to freedom and world peace
• result of the iron curtain speech

  -increase in "anti western" propaganda -US-Soviet relations more tense
• what was the Truman doctrine?

  communism shouldn't be allowed to spread, USA are prepared to send troops and economic aid to those trying to resist it
• what policy did the Truman doctrine replace?

  isolationism
• what was the Marshall plan?

  stabilise the economies of 17 western and southern countries, $12.7b of aid, $13b went into action
• Soviet response to the Truman doctrine and Marshall plan

  "dollar imperialism"-Truman was trying to spread USA influence across Europe, undermining the role of the United Nations, trying to create an "American economic empire"
• when was cominform?

  1947
• what was cominform?

  -discouraged contact with non-communist governments, focus on trade with other cominform members
• where was the headquarters of cominform move to?

  from Yugoslavia to Romania
• when was Comecon?

  1949
• what was Comecon?

  Economic organization- each state had a five year plan with arranged trade and credit agreements.
• what are satellite states?

  government controlled States with little independence from the Soviet Union.
• 6 satellite states

  -czechoslovakia -romania -bulgaria -yugoslavia -hungary -poland
• when did stalin die?

  5th march 1953
• when did Khrushchev come to power?

  1956
• when was the Hungarian uprising?

  1956
• what was the Hungarian uprising?

  Hungarians caused riots in Budapest due to poor harvest, no political freedom and fuel shortages.
• how did soviets end the Hungarian uprising? 


  soviet troops resorted order, Rakosi replaced by Imre Nagy
• imre nagy reforms/changes to the Hungarian government 


  -total withdrawal of soviet troops from Hungary -released criminal politicians from prison -farmers allowed private ownership of their land
• when did nagy announce Hungary was leaving the Warsaw Pact?

  November 1st 1956
• result of Hungary trying to leave the Warsaw Pact

  1000 soviet tanks moved into Hungary, 20,000 Hungarians killed, nagy executed