All Reaction Mechanisms

• conditions for elimination of halogenoalkanes

  • hot
  • ethanoic
• conditions for nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes

  • warm
  • aqueous
• nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes can form

  • amines
  • nitriles
  • alcohols
• Base elimination of halogenoalkanes forms alkenes
• Alkenes can undergo electrophilic addition with hydrogen halides to form halogenoalkanes
• Alcohols can be dehydrated in elimination reactions to form alkenes
• to dehydrate an alcohol, it is heated with a concentrated acid catalyst
• alkenes can be hydrated to form alcohols using steam in the presence of an acid catalyst
• the more alkyl groups surround a carbon the more stable it is due to the positive inductive effect of the alkyl groups