Chemistry

• Chemical Property


  ability of substance to change or react and form a new substance
• Combustibility


  describes if substance can burn in air

  ex. match, wood, gas
• Reactivity


  ability of substance to react easily

  ex. iron will rust
• Light Sensivity


  if new substance is formed with any light interaction

  ex. hydrogen peroxide is useless when it hits light
• Matter


  has mass and volume
• Mixture


  2 or more substances

  can be in different particleas

  can be seperated using physical methods like filtering, evaporation etc.
• Pure Substances


  1 type of substances

  written as symbol and chem formula

  not separated using physical methods
• Solution


  looks "pure"

  homogenous

  ex. juice, milk
• Mechanical Mixture


  looks "mixed"

  heterogenous

  ex. pop, salad
• Element


  one type of atome

  on periodic table, symbol

  ex. Na = sodium

  not broken down
• Compound


  few elements

  chem formula

  ex. water = H2O

  broken down
• Physical Change 


  composition is not changed, only looks are changed ex. ice melting
• Chemical Change


  change in starting substances, not reversible, new substance created
• Clues for Chem. Change

  1 - new colour

  2 - temp, light or sound given off

  3 - bubbles, new gas produced

  4 - new odour

  5 - solid is newly formed, precipitate
• Matter Extra


  tiny particles with empty spaces in between

  substance different, particle different

  always moving

  temp increase, speed increase

  attracted
• Solid


  not compressible

  strong force of attract

  tight hold

  fixed volume and shape

  rigid
• Liquid


  not easily compressible

  mod. attracted

  freely moves

  fixed volume

  not fixed shape
• Gas


  compressible

  little attract

  far, free, quick

  no fixed shape and volume
• Physical Properties


  characteristic of substance that helps identify by observing or measuring
• Qualitative


  observed with senses
• Quantitative


  measured/number value given
• Physical Property types

  state, colour, odour, texture, clarity, lustre, malleability, brittle, ductility, melting point, viscosity, solubility, hardness, conductivity, density
• Families


  same column, similar properties, more downer means more reactive
• Periods


  rows, in order of Metal, Metalloids, Non-Metals
• Mass

  protons and neutrons have mass of one and electrons have no mass
• Steps for Bohr-Rutherford Diagram

  1 - determine pen numbers

  2 - write p & n in nucleus

  3 - draw electron dots on shells
• Patterns on Periodic Table (1)

  energy levels go up by one as you move down a family
• Patterns on Periodic Table (2)

  number of valence electrons in family is the same
• Patterns on Periodic Table (3)


  reactivity in family is similar because same amount of valence electrons
• Patterns on Periodic Table (4)


  same number of valence shell every period
• Patterns on Periodic Table (5)


  number of electrons goes up by 1 as move through the table
• Molecule


  two or more atoms chemically joined together
• Molecular Element

  molecule with same element atoms
• Diatomic Molecules (7)

  H, O, F, Br, I, N, Cl
• Molecular Compound


  pure substance with only non-metals
• Ionic Compound


  made of elements with opposite charges usually metal and non metal
• Ions


  particles with a charge, metals lose -, non- metals gain -
• Chemical Formula

  type and # of atoms in a compound