Science (biology)

• What is the cytoplasm?

  The jelly-like substance inside a cell that surrounds the organelles.
• What is the cell membrane?

  controls movement in and out of the cell
• What is mitochondria?

  where respiration takes place
• What are ribosomes?

  Cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
• What is the nucleus?

  ?contains genetic material e.g dna
• What are the 5 components of an animal cell?

  cell membrane

  nucleus

  cytoplams

  ribosomes

  mitochondria
• Are animal cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

  eukaryotic
• What are the 8 components of a plant cell?

  Cell wall

  cell membrane

  cytoplasm

  nucleus

  mitochondria

  chloroplasts

  vacuole

  ribosomes
• What is the vacuole?

  helps keep the cell wall swollen
• What is the chloroplast?

  contains enzymes needed for photosynthesis
• What are different components in a plant and an animal cell?


  chlorplast

  vacuole cell wall
• What are the different components of a plant cell and animal cell?

  cell wall

  vacoule

  chloroplast
• Are plant cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

  eukaryotic
• What are the 5 components of a bacteria cell?

  cell membrane

  cell wall

  plasmid DNA

  chromosomal DNA

  flagellum
• What are the plasmid DNA?

  can move unlike chromosomal DNA can move giving variation
• What are chromosomal DNA?

  DNA of a bacterial cell
• What are the 3 components that are different in a bacterial cell?

  chromosomal DNA

  plasmid DNA

  flagellum
• What is the flagella?

  helps the bacterial cell move
• What is the difference between a diploid and a haploid cell?

  Haploid contain only one set of chromosomes and diploid contain 2 sets
• What are the 4 components of a sperm?

  haploid nucleus

  tail

  acrosome

  midpeice
• What is the acrosome?

  contains an enzyme that helps penetrate the egg
• What does the midpiece contain?

  Mitochondria
• Is a sperm a haploid or a diploid?

  Haploid
• What are the 4 componenets of an egg?

  cell membrane

  cytoplasm

  haploid nucleus

  mitochondria
• In an Egg cell what does the cell membrane do?

  changes after fertilisation by a single sperm so that no more sperm can enter. 
• In an egg cell what does the cytoplasm do?

  contains nutrients For growth of early embryo
• Is an egg cell a diploid cell?

  Yes, it has two sets of chromosomes
• What are light microscopes?

  used to study living cells and for regular use when relatively low magnification and resolution is enough
• What are electron microscopes?

  provide higher magnification and higher resolution images but cannot be used to view living cells
• How do you calculate the magnification of light microscope?

  magnification of microscope=magnification of eyepiece x magnification of objective
• What are enzymes?

  enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalyst meaning they speed up a chemical reaction
• What are the steps to the lock and key hypothesis?

  Substrate binds to enzyme's active site. Enzyme-substrate complex forms.

  Reaction occurs. Products are released.
• What does denatured mean?

  if enzymes are exposed to certain factors the shape of the active site may change if this happens the substrate will no longer fit into the enzymes
• What are the free factors that effect the rate of reaction?

  ph

  Temperature

  substrate concentration
• how to find the rate of reaction?

  rate of reaction=amount of substrate used r amount of product

  time taken
• How does temperature effect the rate?

  as the rate of enzyme catalysed reaction increases so do the temperature however at high temperatures the rate decreases because the enzyme became denatured
• How does the effect of ph effect the rate?

  as the Ph increases so does the rate of enzyme a. A continued increase in ph results in a sharp decrease in activity as it is now denatured

  
• How does the substrate concentration effect the rate?

  as the concentration of the subs increases so does the rate of enzyme activity there is a point that will be reached when the enzyme becomes saturated and no more substances can fit

  
• What is diffusion?


  Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• What are the 3 factors that affect diffusion?

  Concentration gradient, temperature, and molecular size.