Learning key question

• How can violent media impact a viewer's mental state?

  In several ways, especially impacting younger children
• According to a 2025 study, what percentage of children aged 13-14 game daily and consider themselves 'gamers'?

  44%
• What percentage of teenagers aged 15-17 consider themselves 'gamers' according to the text?

  40%
• As of 2024, what percentage of 7-18 year olds in the UK have access to a games console?

  77%
• As of 2019, how many hours a day on average did younger children report spending playing video games?

  2-3 hours
• What is one implication of society from violent media described in the text?

  There are no consequences
• In 2024, what percentage of teens who play video games play games containing violence?

  Just over half (56%)
• What percentage of teens who play video games say violence is in all or most of the games they play?

  16%
• According to the text, what might the lack of consequences in violent video games lead to?

  Young people acting upon violent thoughts
• According to the text, what potential rebellion can violent media provide?

  Anonymity when viewing or playing
• According to the text, what is a potential outcome of using violent games and media?

  A possible increase of anger
• According to the text, what is catharsis in the context of violent media?

  Venting anger out through violent media
• According to psychodynamic theory, what can watching or playing violent media do?

  Reduce aggressive feelings
• What is operant conditioning?

  Learning through consequences
• What is reinforcement in operant conditioning?

  Rewarding the desired behaviour
• What is punishment in operant conditioning?

  Unpleasant consequences for undesirable behavior
• According to the text, what might happen if a person is reinforced or has no consequences for playing violent video games?

  They may repeat the behaviour
• In Bandura's 1965 study, what happened when there was no consequence for violence towards the Bobo Doll?

  Results were similar to the reward condition
• What does Bandura's 1965 study suggest about the lack of punishment?

  People may reproduce the behavior
• What is social learning theory?

  Learning through observation
• What does social learning theory suggest about observing violent behavior?

  Someone may retain and reproduce the behavior
• What is self-efficacy in the context of social learning theory?

  Belief in ability to complete a task
• What was the aim of Bandura's 1961 study?

  To see if children reproduce aggression
• What was Bandura's conclusion from his 1961 study?

  Behavior can be learned by imitation
• According to the text, what might happen if someone has been exposed to violent video games or media?

  They may reproduce that behaviour
• According to the text, why can't the decision to ban violent media be based solely on social learning theory?

  It may be a safer way of expressing aggression
• According to the text, how can violent video games be used in a sense of catharsis?

  To remove aggressive feelings
• What is catharsis a part of in Freud's theory?

  Having an emotional release
• What can a person feel after completing catharsis?

  Relief and reduced symptoms
• In Bushman's study, what did participants do after playing violent video games?

  Half used catharsis to vent
• What did Bushman's study show about catharsis?

  Catharsis may not work
• What happened to participants in Bushman's study who used catharsis?

  They became angrier
• In Freud's theory, where are emotional releases particularly from childhood trapped?

  Inside the unconscious