Paris anthology

• Things to identify in each text:

  - Genre

  - Intended audience

  - Purpose

  - Mode

  - Intertextuality

  - Oppositional view/model

  - Representations
• Different purposes of writers:

  - Entertain

  - Persuade

  - Advise

  - Analyse

  - Argue

  - Describe

  - Explain

  - Inform

  - Instruct
• Intended audience hints:


  - Context

  - Tone

  - Lexis

  - Use of language

  - Use of pronouns

  - Layout
• Possible representations:


  - Journeys/travel

  - Subject perspectives

  - Holistic representations

  - Memory
• Stories Are Waiting In Paris: Key Info

  Genre - video advert

  Mode - multi modal (script and moving images)

  Audience - young adults

  Purpose - persuade you to go on the Eurostar to Paris

  Representation: place of possibilities (shown by repetition of 'maybe').

  : city of romance

  
  

  Images used throughout are both sequential and random (showing that this could happen to the audience whilst also encouraging use of imagination).
• Stories Are Waiting In Paris: Analysis

  "Narrator" - strong male voice with French accent gives him more authority and makes it more authentic (makes it more likely for people to want to visit).

  "maybe" - repetition shows limitless, open ended possibilities to entice reader with elongated "ay" sound to mirror extensive choices.

  "up" and "down" - neighbouring use of propositions adds to the dynamic feel to engage the viewer and encourage them to imagine themselves exploring Paris.

  "you" - repetition of direct address encourages viewer to imagine themselves in Paris.

  "here" and "there" - spatial lexis shows choices in Paris.

  "STORIES ARE WAITING" - supplies choice to appeal the viewer's vanity and sense of excitement/adventure.

  "#wheninparis" - reference to St Augustines 'when in Rome, so as the Romans do' as an attempt to make the advert memorable.
• Mile by Mile London To Paris: Key Ideas

  Genre - travel/cartography book.

  Audience - older, perhaps more educated people.

  Purpose - inform and describe.

  Mode - multi modal (written and graphical elements)

  Representation - perfect for people interested in history (quite narrow target)

  
  

  Use of 3rd person narrative throughout gives:

  
  

  - a clear description of history

  - no bias

  - passive

  - realistic

  
  

  Complex sentences used throughout accommodate older audience/makes it seem authentic.
• Mile by Mile London To Paris: Graphology/Typographical Features


  Graphology:

  
  

  - Traditional, hand drawn sketches used which sticks to station being made in an era of realism.

  
  

  Typographical:

  
  

  - Fonts used and set out to look like handwriting.

  
  

  BOTH THE HANDWRITING AND THE HAND SKETCHES SUGGESTS AN EXCITED TRAIN PASSENGER - links to context of the book.

  
  

  Use of layout, space, images, colour and different font types help convey meaning.
• Mile by Mile London to Paris: Analysis

  "Ultimate" and "beautiful" - premodifiers emphasise city's appeal.

  "Businessman" - gendered male perspective.

  "1846" - dates used frequently shows authority and accuracy and development over time.

  "facade" - French derived vocabulary (use of deliberate lexis makes it seem more realistic).

  "new" - premodifier shows that the line is deemed important enough to be restored and then celebrated.

  "swallow up" - personification makes the station seem like a monster.

  "also more than just a station" - gives a strong link to a semantic field of travel whilst also emphasises the grand history and nature of the building.

  "heart of the City of Light" - could stem from Paris being the birthplace of the Age of Enlightenment (a centre for education) which gives strong connotations of hope.

  "many films" - cultural reference which would appeal to a larger audience.

  "City of Light" - reference to the abundance of lighted attractions (lampposts, Eiffel Tower etc.)
• Neither Here Nor There: Key Ideas

  Genre - personal account, travel writing/memorial.

  Audience - British/American adults.

  Purpose - to entertain, inform amuse and describe.

  Mode - written (with a conversational tone).

  
  

  Representation - Paris is a busy, hectic city where many things never change.
• Neither Here Nor There: Analysis

  "Bill Bryson" and "I" - first person male POV.

  "Paris wakes up more abruptly." - personification.

  "One minute you have the city..." - complex sentence.

  "London is a toilet" - blunt metaphor makes a conversational tone.

  "Pathologically aggressive driver" - implied opinion.

  "Is that asking for trouble or what?" - rhetorical questions adds to conversational tone.

  "Place de la Bastille" - naming places in Paris make account more authentic.

  "I know for a fact that the people of Paris want me dead" - hyperbole makes the account humurous.

  "Bullet holes in their trench coats" and "I say, kindly take your place at the back of the queue, there's a good fellow." - comical stereotypes.

  "s***" - expletives add to colloquial tone.

  "like a child's toy that has been left out during the winter" - simile.

  "nostalgic dinner" - flashback to the 1970's.

  "my urine turned solid" - comical hyperbole.

  "people of Paris have become polite over the last twenty years" - element of discourse.

  "complete jerks" - colloquial language.
• The Most Beautiful Walk In The World: Key Info

  Genre - memoir/tour guide.

  Audience - tourists/fans of author/keen walker.

  Purpose - to describe/inform/entertain.

  Mode - written mode/spoken discourse.
• The Most Beautiful Walk In The World: Quote Analysis

  "To walk the walk..." - epigraph suggests theme.

  "The walkers."- minor, declarative sentence forms a one line paragraph which emphasises theme and suggests multi-modal layout (makes it conversational).

  "loiter" and "huddling"" - verbs tell us that the tourists are lost/confused. The present tense creates a constant sense of an exciting, chaotic and disorderly scene.

  "Brooklyn or Brentwood or Birmingham." - alliteration referring to American and English places which shows wide target audience.

  "compiling my shopping list." - bathos creates an anticlimax.

  "baguette" and "boutique" - lexis derived from French.

  "pedestrian" and "visitor" create a semantic field of travel.

  "lost souls" - metaphor.

  "they" - use of third person pronoun distances writer from tourists.

  "pietons - the pedestrians" - simple French incorporated and explained which caters to international audience.

  "blank page" - metaphor makes a link to possibilities in "Eurostar" extract.

  "I remember...once...in Paris." - anecdote.
• Paris City Guide: Key Info

  - Video advert.

  Genre - video travel guide with narration.

  Audience - tourists (mainly American/British adults).

  Purpose - inform/persuade/engage.

  Mode - multi modal (speech and images).

  Representation - rich in history and culture while having a wide range of choices (link to "Eurostar" extract).
• Paris City Guide: Quote Analysis

  "city of light" - reference to lighted attractions in Paris.

  "Paris straddles" - personification makes Paris seem grand.

  "River Seine" - emphasis on cultural highlights.

  "grand" - pre modifiers make the descriptions more attractive, changes the ordinary to extra ordinary (makes it attractive to visit.)

  "cobblestones" - gives quaint, traditional and aesthetically pleasing connotations.

  "most famous" - use of superlatives makes the audience likely to want to visit.

  "live and breathe" - hyperbole.

  "(.)" - planned full stops.

  "max your credit card" - colloquial language.

  "most fashionable" - superlative emphasises on details of the reputation Paris has.

  "locals buy their....from the fromagerie" - tricolon gives idea of choice.

  "written text appears across screen: 'Lonely Planet logo'" - text and sound enhance viewers mental image of Paris.
• Personal Narrative: Anna - Key Info

  Genre - memoir/personal account.

  Audience - people interested in Paris.

  Purpose - inform

  Mode - transcripted, spontaneous speech (mixed mode)

  Representation of Paris - presented as architecturally grand and easy to navigate through.

  
  

  Throughout there are many comparisons to London.

  Serious tone.
• Personal Narrative: Anna - Quote Analysis.


  "erm" - repetition and use of fillers shows a level of dis fluency which indicates spontaneous speech.

  "you get in London." - constant use of contrast to give listener a clear idea.

  "big wide" - unsophisticated terminology.

  "big" and "little" - use of premodifiers reflects desire to be descriptive through vocabulary.

  "the Seine" - focus on cultural highlights.

  "but anyway" - fronting conjunctions appear long pauses to show a change in topic.

  "really really" - repetition used as intensifier.

  "didn't" - contractions fit into casual speech patterns.

  "love" - written in bold (prosodic features).

  "Gallerie Vivienne" - proper noun reflects Anna's familiarity and makes her account have authority.

  "voila" - loan French word used by English/Americans.
• Personal Narrative: Zara - Key Info

  Genre - memoir/personal account.

  Audience - people interested in Paris.

  Purpose - inform.

  Mode - transcripted spontaneous speech (mixed mode).

  Representation - traditional place with many cliches that is possibly overrated.

  
  

  Casual tone used throughout.
• Personal Narrative: Zara - Quote Analysis.

  "erm" - more pauses than her mother.

  "my mum" - use of lexis associated with family.

  "I guess" - verb associated with mental processes.

  "very small child" - young person's perspective shown by a description of childhood activities: "Disneyland" and "rollercoasters".

  "really really" and "very" - frequent use of intensifiers implies lack of vocabulary process and nerves.

  "kind of" - hedging shows lack of uncertainty, a softer tone and a less direct address.

  "massive(.)well a small room". - contradiction/correction shows spontaneous speech.

  "massive" - graphology conveys prosidic feature of being written in bold to reflect intonation.

  "I think" - declarative used to offer personal opinions.
• Breathless - Key Info

  Genre - memoir/personal account/autobiographical.

  Audience - those interested in history in Paris (mainly American).

  Purpose - inform/entertain.

  Mode - written and spoken (mixed mode).
• Breathless: Quote Analysis


  "waiting for Godard" - graphology reminds us of old fashioned writing with an ink bottle that keeps a stereotypical, stylish, graceful view in mind.

  "under the spell" - metaphorical language.

  "had made everything French infinitely desirable." - adverb and post modifier shows Paris as being pleasant.

  "gamine" - girl with a mischievous, boyish charm (being childlike). Describes main character in the film as being different to stereotypical French women.

  "boring Barnard-girl self behind." - alliteration highlights dissatisfaction with old/current life.

  "France was my hedge against" - her desire to have protection/a barrier against anything American shows a desire to escape her previous life.

  "with detail while omitting the truth." - repeated plosive 't' sound with the use of alliteration indicates her strengthening her facade.

  "I feel so authentic when I wear it" and "so avant-garde" - strong link to identity shows how she feels more herself in French clothing (against anything American).

  "casuistry" - polysyllabic words convey academic background. (she expects her readers to be educated enough to understand her).

  "than buy into...didn't that..." - long complex sentences mimic the French stereotypical way of speaking before making a point which may also echo the fragmented nature of her life.

  "Les Liaisons" - use of French words soften words soften sentences and gives authority.

  "demi-vierges" - half-virgins are people who behave sexually without yielding their virginity.

  "sophomore year" - crosses linguistic boundaries to show she is rebelling and trying to be French but can't escape her American roots.
• Around The World In Eighty Dates: Key Info.

  Genre - personal account/autobiographical travel writing.

  Audience - young British females.

  Purpose - inform/entertain.

  Mode - written and spoken (mixed).

  Representation - main focus on cemetery and celebrities shows variety of tourists who are showing love and appreciation with occasional disrespect.
• Around The World In Eighty Dates: Quote Analysis.


  "around the world in eighty dates" - play on words.

  "Jim Morrison" and "Elvis" and "Moliere" - name dropping.

  "baseball-capped" and "fresh-faced" and "straggly-haired" - allows writer to create vivid character portraits easily and make them impactful.

  "residents" and "visit to grave" and "date" - macabre humour is used to entertain.

  Complex sentences used throughout with a mainly declarative function add to cultural and historical background (showing written mode).

  Labov's high tellability - mentioning cemetery and famous people may be interesting to tourists.
• Trip Advisor: Key Info

  Genre - message board/forum post.

  Audience - English speaking tourists.

  Purpose - inform/share opinions.

  Mode - written as if spoken (mixed mode).

  Representation - gives view on Paris and Parisians and tips on what to expect.
• Trip Advisor: Quote Analysis

  "don't" and "can't" - contractions give lazy, informal tone that suggests lack of education, which is reinforced by grammatical and spelling errors which also show an online style of communication.

  "French people are not cold or cruel" - echoes how writer intended to inform on the real circumstances of Paris and goes against stereotypical views of the French.

  Double punctuation throughout emphasises spontaneous nature of website.
• Visiting Paris: Key Info

  Genre - transcript of conversation.

  Audience - participants of conversation.

  Purpose - share and reflect on experiences.

  Mode - written and spoken (mixed).

  Key representation - comparing experiences in Paris.
• Visiting Paris: Quote Analysis


  "Sophia" and "Mike" - taking turns talking as expected from a conversation with no domination from either gender.

  "have you been" - interrogatives shape and propel the dialogue which allows the conservation to progress.

  "[Just to get],[that's not very much time is it]" - lack of fluency and overlapping shows a conversational and colloquial tone and format.

  "cause" - contractions and fore clipped words makes the piece spontaneous and casual.

  "." - micro pauses and "like" - fillers = both show spontaneous speech.

  "so" - intensifiers to strengthen descriptions.

  "like sardines" - idiomatic expressions used are familiar to a speaker with prosodic cues (intonation) showing emphasis and enthusiasm.

  "blokes" - colloquial, informal language.

  "like an accordion" - interrogative carries on conversation.

  "yeah(.)yeah" - back channelling shows understanding and shared knowledge.

  "they do that" - description of accordion players shows perspective of the speakers being outsiders.

  
  

  LANGUAGE THROUGHOUT IS RELATIVELY FUNCTIONAL BUT LACKS CREATIVE FLAIR.
• Rick Steve's Walking Tour of the Louvre Museum: Key Info

  Genre - travel writing/audio tour guide.

  Purpose - inform/entertain/guide.

  Mode - spoken/scripted/crafted (mixed)

  Audience - primarily American tourists.

  Key representation - two people presenting a tour with one guiding and the other narrating.
• Rick Steve's Walking Tour of the Louvre Museum: Quote Analysis.

  "beacon of civilisation" - metaphorical language shows clear attempt to describe through scripted language.

  "I" - first person perspective.

  "you" - second person used to engage listener.

  "curvaceous" - example of higher level register.

  "give" - use of imperative to guide visitors.

  "forgive my French pronunciations" - self depreciation when it comes to speaking French.

  "sea of worshipping tourists" - figurative language incorporates humour.

  Use of simple and compound sentences to include everyone.

  Use of iconic and symbolic signs to make sure the visitors don't have to have map reading skills.
• French Milk: Key Info

  Graphology - the writer uses a writing style akin to hand writing in order to echo the idea of the piece being reflective and almost like a diary entry. It also fits in well with the sketches throughout the piece and reinforces the casual way in which the author is presenting her story to the audience.

  Genre - illustrated photographic/travelogue

  Audience - people interested in Paris

  - comic books fans

  - people who like her work

  - mostly teens/YA

  Purpose - entertain

  - inform

  - describe

  - engage

  - personal reflection

  Mode - written with images (mixed)
• French Milk: Quote Analysis

  "I'm such a sucker for shiny things" - short sentence shows how she is interested in old fashioned, material things.

  "no one will ever love me again." - author watching a romantic comedy which makes her feel sad and lonely.

  "suddenly" - adverb suggests memories return abruptly despite having fun (sense of nostalgia).
• Understanding Chic: Key Info

  Genre - personal/autobiographical account.

  Audience - young female British adults interested in the city.

  Purpose - inform/entertain/reflect/describe how they were seduced by Paris.

  Mode - written and spoken (mixed mode).
• Understanding Chic: Quote Analysis

  "my" - first person reflection on Parisian attitudes.

  "travelled" - written in past tense with an occasional shift to present including direct speech.

  "noisy", "baked", "feisty" and "blunt" - use of premodifiers helps to transport readers.

  "honking" - use of onomatopoeia.

  "a few hours later" and "ten days later" - shows a temporal shift occurring as part of a narrative.

  "citron presse" - use of French gives her account an air of authority and authenticity and shows fascination with France.

  "lined up like jewels" - simile.

  "chic" and "fashion" - semantic field of fashion shows writer's passion and significance of fashion in Paris.

  "French civic pride" - simple sentence for effect breaks fluency in order to slow the pace.

  "A Frenchman - not a guard - came forward." - use of explicatures implies a conversational tone (blunt and straight to the point which may highlight how the speaker feels about her visit to Paris as a teenager).

  "in retrospect" - looking back and reflecting.

  "slap" - negative experience.

  "feline malevolence to certain voices" - metaphor.

  "dresses" and "jewellery" and "lapis lazuli" - semantic field of fashion.

  "licking my wounds" and "dig in my heels" - use of idiomatic cliches.
• Memories of Places in Paris: Key Info

  Key representation - Paris presented as having deprived areas and richer areas next to each other with a huge difference of the people within them. It is also a hometown - a place with sentimental value.

  Genre - spoken memoir/narrative/one sided conversation/transcript

  Audience - participants of the conversation.

  Purpose - entertain/inform/educate/reflect/share experiences.

  Mode - written but transcripted (mixed).
• Memories of Places in Paris: Quote Analysis

  "beautiful" - use of premodifiers to provide vivid description.

  "changed" and "moved" and "started" - use of suffixes links to genre of personal account and representation of class divide to show how she reminisces on memories.

  "le Parc Monceau" - park in Paris. The use of French derived terminology makes it more authentic.

  "I" - use of first person narrative and pronouns appear frequently which is expected of a narrative.

  "comfortably", "fun" and "nice" - semantic field of happiness emphasises beauty and importance.

  "erm" - non fluency shown with fillers and micro pauses links to the genre of conversational transcript.

  "so" - fluency discourse marker.

  "got a lot of people there" - simple sentences links to spoken mode and adds to the narrative while slowing the pace.

  "really........really" - appears twice as an intensifier to show admiration.

  "quite deprived areas" and "extreme poverty within this beautiful city" - more negative outlook juxtaposes Isabelle's description.

  "huge" and "shocking" - juxtaposition shows speedy transition.
• Just Another American In Paris: Key Info

  Genre - blog post.

  Audience - wide online audience mainly Brits/Americans.

  Purpose - inform/entertain/advise.

  Mode - written with elements of speech and images (mixed).

  
  

  Use of typical conventions of a blog - include visuals.
• Just Another American In Paris: Quote Analysis

  "wooosh" - onomatopoeia makes opening vivid and relatable.

  "iPhone" - concrete nouns highlight contemporary relevance.

  "about me" - adds extra information.

  "stuff that people ask me about" - makes it easy to access and follow.

  "rattan cafe chairs.....studded with raisins." - asyndetic list shows endless choices in Paris.

  "tangy taste" - alliteration to emphasise fond, enjoyable memories.

  "Bonjour madame" - direct speech engages reader.

  "delightful" - vivid explanation found easy as she has good memories.

  "exuberant" - premodifiers highlight positive experience.

  "splurging" - colloquial/conversational tone.

  "our last night" and "at midnight" - use of temporal and spacial deictic marks to recount past experiences.

  "it was pure magic" - abstract noun indicates reaction.

  "a steal" - entertaining element of casual speech with idiomatic expression showing genuine appreciation. It also alludes to the low price being almost criminal.

  "snippet of the sounds." - links to sounds of Paris which further strengthens multi modal credentials.