Cell biology - done

• What does a animal cell contain?

  nucleus , cytoplasm , cell membrane , mitrochondria , ribosomes
• What is the purpose of a nucleus?

  Controls the activities of the cell and contains genetic material
• What is the purpose of cytoplasm?

  where Most chemical reactions take place
• What is the purpose of a cell membrane?

  It controls the passage of substances into and out the cell
• What is the purpose of mitochondria?

  The site of aerobic respiration
• What is the purpose of ribosomes?

  The site of protein synthesis
• What does a plant cell contain?

  Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, vacuole.
• What is the purpose of a cell wall?

  They are made of cellulose, which strengthens the cell
• what is the purpose of permanent vacuole?

  Supports the plant
• what do chloroplasts do?

  Absorb light to make food by photosynthesis
• What cells are eukaryotic?

  Animal cells, plant cells, fungi cells.
• What cells are prokaryotic?

  Bacteria.
• What are differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  Prokaryotic cells dont have a nucleus so genetic material is a single loop of DNA or plasmids.
• What is in a bacterial cell?

  Plasmids , single loop of dna, flagella , cell wall and cytoplasm
• What is the size of a plant cell?

  0.1mm
• What is the size of a animal cell?

  0.02 mm
• what is the size of prokaryotic cell?

  0.002mm
• What is resolution?

  The ability to see two or more objects as separate objects.
• When was the light microscope developed?

  16th century
• when was the first electron microscope used?

  1933
• what are the advantages of light microscope?

  Higher resolution and ability to observe living specimens. No trainign required.
• What are the disadvantages of light microscope?

  Limited resolution
• What are the advantages of electron microscopes?

  High resolution.
• What are the disadvantages of electron microscope?

  Expensive, require training , only see dead objects.
• What is the methods of using a microscope?

  1. place a tissue sample on a microscope slide.
  2. add a few drops of a suitable stain
  3. Lower a coverslip onto the tissue
  4. Place the slide on the microscope stage and focus on the cells using low power
  5. change to high power and refocus
  6. Draw any types of cells that can be seen
  7. add a scale line
• What does magnification mean?

  How many times larger the image is than the real object
• what is the equation for magnification?

  Magnification = size of image / size of real object
• what type of division do bacteria do?

  binary fission
• How often do bacteria multiply?

  As frequently as 20 minutes if they have enough nutrients and suitable temperature.
• where is bacteria grown?

  nutrient broth solution or as colonies on a jelly called agar
• what does nucleus contain

  Chromosomes made of dna
• Label the microscope - left down then right down

  1. eyepiece
  2. arm
  3. rack stop
  4. stage clip
  5. course focus
  6. fine focus
  7. revolving nosepiece
  8. objective lens
  9. stage
  10. condenser
  11. illuminator
  12. base

  
• What do genes contain?

  Contain the code to make different proteins
• What is the cell cycle?

  The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication.
• The stages of the cell cycle?

  1. grow and increase the number of sub-cellular structures
  2. Dna then replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.
  3. In mitosis - one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell then the nucleus divides. Finally the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two identical cells
• What is cell division used for?

  Growth, repair, and reproduction.
• What are stem cells?

  Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to develop into different types of specialized cells in the body.
• Where are stem cells found?

  They are found in human embryos, in the umbilical cord of a new born baby and in bone marrow.
• What are stem cells from human embryos called?

  Embryonic stem cell
• What are stem cells called from bone marrow?

  adult stem cell