states of matter

• • In solids, particles are very close together and vibrate in a fixed position.
• • Solids have a fixed shape and volume.
• • In liquids, particles are very close together but they move and flow randomly past one another.
• Liquids have a fixed volume but can change shape and fill a container.
• when heated, the average speed of particles increases. This is because the particles are moving faster and colliding with each other more frequently
• solids have the least energy, liquids have more then solids and less then gas, and gases have the most energy
• • In gases, particles are far apart and move randomly in all directions
• • Gases change shape and volume to fill whatever container they are in.
• when particles gain or lose anergy-because of heating or cooling-they overcome or submit to the forces of other particles
• state changes

  
• state changes

  A) sublimation

  B) deposition

  C) freezing

  D) melting

  E) evaporation

  F) condensation

  
• Mixtures are made of 2 or more substances (elements or compounds) that haven't been chemically combined.
• Mixtures can be separated.
• a solvent is
• a solvent is a liquid that can dissolve a substance in it
• a solution is a mixture of two or more substances that are dissolved in each other
• a solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solvent
• chromatography is used to separate mixtures of substances in a liquid
• filtration is used to separate insoluble solids from liquids
• crystallisation is used to separate a soluble solid from a solution
• a compound is a substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined
• crystallisation is used to separate a soluble solid from a solution
• chromatography is used to seperate solutions with a number of different solutes in a solvent
• different methods of seperating mixtures include fractional distillation, simple distillation, chromatography, filtration and crystallisation