4.7a

• what is rebranding?

  creating a new look or reputation for an area by changing public perception it often relies on an area's industrial past/ heritage
• what is re-imaging?

  part of of a regeneration strategy by changing the image or name of a place and therefore how people view it
• what is the Northern Powerhouse?

  a proposal to boost economic growth in the North of England in the core cities of Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield and Newcastle that have suffered from underinvestment
• what is the most widely known disparity in the UK? + explain

  the north-south divide: the south is dominated by London which is a primate city and a global hub, this meant a large proportion of investment is made there, which means other places (the North) have suffered
• what is the role of National government is regeneration?

  considers the level of inequality across the country as having a disparity between places doesn't aid the overall development of the country
• what are some of the challenges of infrastructure projects?

  high cost and longevity therefore needing government funding. costs usually rise during the lifetime of the project, due to external economic factors like inflation --> increased risk for a long-term project

  environmental protests, issues with local residents, businesses and councils
• how are infrastructure projects often funded?

  by the government and from FDI e.g. from the EU --> European Regional Development Fund provided Cornwall with broadband

  or by partnerships between national governments and TNCs
• what is hard regeneration?

  building of infrastructure e.g. HS2, involving capital investment, buildings and infrastructure
• what is soft regeneration?

  investing in skills and education for people in an area, involves planning, skills and education
• why is HS2 needed?

  it is key to the large-scale Northern Powerhouse regeneration scheme. Improving transport connection encourages the spread of investment out of London into the North = more jobs = attracts more workers = more tax revenue for local and central govs = improved local services + infrastructure = attracts more investment