TOA EXAM (Tange, Gaudi, & Gehry)

• Kenzo Tange was born in 1913 in Osaka and lived in Imabar
• Kenzo graduated from University of Tokyo’s Department of Architecture
• In 1942, he worked as an assistant professor University of Tokyo Graduate School.
• He established Tange Laboratory
• In Tange Laboratory, young associates such as Sachio Otani, Fumihiko Maki, Koji Kamiya, and Kisho Kurokawa exchanged fruitful ideas.
• Teaching and actively exchanging ideas with people all over the world, Tange has instilled a vital force in Japan and abroad.
• In 1949, he was selected as the winner of peace park & peace center hiroshima.
• In the 1950's Tange, was strongly influenced by Le Corbusier as well as by the Renaissance Master, Michelangelo.
• In 1958, He was also greatly influenced by traditional Japanese architecture, expressed in concrete in the Kagawa Prefectural Office.
• In 1960's, the urbanist prevailed over the architect.
• Development of idea of structuralism deepened interest in the spaces as it relates to humanity and its spiritual aspects.
• The structure below is the Saint Mary’s Cathedral in Tokyo, Japan 1964

  
• He designed the national gymnasium complex for use in 1964 Olympic Games.
• At the beginning of the 1970's with a theme of "Human Progress and Harmony," Tange undertook the architectural design for EXPO '80 and the Festival Plaza,

  completed in late 1968.
• This structure is the master plan for expo ‘70 in osaka, japan 1970

  
• "Architecture always should be a reflection or expression of social structure... dynamic-- always advancing forward from the past to the future." ~ Kenzo Tange
• "Architecture must have something that appeals to the human heart,"
• "Creative work is expressed in our time as a union of technology and humanity."
• Tange does not imagine himself as a leading form giver. He sees himself in state of transition....the most he does was to create a dynamic balance between inconsistencies to build a modern world.
• Antonio Gaudi was born on year 1852 but died in 1926.
• Antonio Gaudi is a catalan nationalist and a son of a coppersmith
• Gaudi worked for Jose Fontsere and Juan Martorell
• Monumental cascade in Parque de la Ciudedela by Fontseré and Gaudi, 1877-1882

  
• Draft designs for Societat Obrera Mataronese by Gaudi, 1878

  
• Finca Güell gatehouse and gate by Gaudi, 1884-1887

  
• The facade of Palacio Güell.

  
• Episcopal Palace at Astorga, by Gaudi in 1887-1893

  
• Casa Figueras, or ”Tore Bellesguard”, 1900-1905

  
• Casa Battló

  
• Casa Milá

  
• Colonia Guëll Chapel

  
• Parque Güell

  
• Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, design by Francisca de Paula Del Villar y Carmona [Lozano], 1882
• THREE POINTS ABOUT GAUDI

  • nineteenth century approach
  • creativity
  • rational medievalism
• GAUDI’S NINETEENTH CENTURY APPROACH?

  • stylistic eclecticism
  • bold use of colour and texture
  • nationalism
  • naturalism
• Gaudi did NOT use structural iron, steel or reinforced concrete
• Gaudi designed as medieval designers COULD have done if they had used angled struts, parabolic arches and warped

  surfaces
• Frank Gehry was born in Toronto, Canada in 1929
• At the age of 17, he moved with his family to Los Angeles, California and studied architecture at the University of Southern California.
• He established his own firm in 1962 in Los Angeles.