Cell types and cell structures

• Cells


  The basic building blocks of life that can replicate independently
• Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotic organisms
• Subcellular structures common to animal and plant cells

  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• Plant cells


  • Have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose
  • Contain a permanent vacuole with cell sap
  • Contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• Bacterial cells


  • Lack mitochondria and chloroplasts
  • Have a single circular strand of DNA instead of a nucleus
  • May have flagella for movement
  • May have additional plasmids with extra genes
• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, using chlorophyll to absorb light energy
• Mitochondria in cells break down glucose through aerobic respiration to provide energy
• Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in cells
• Ribosome - The site of protein synthesis in cells.
• Nucleolus - A small structure within the nucleus where ribosomes are produced.
• The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) that determines the characteristics of an organism.
• Cell membrane - A selectively permeable barrier that separates the inside of the cell from its surroundings.
• Cell membrane - A thin layer surrounding the cytoplasm that regulates what enters and exits the cell.