plant nutrition

• What are the main functions of stems, leaves, roots, and flowers in a plant?

  Support, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, reproduction
• What is the structure of a plant cell?

  Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
• What is a specialised cell?

  A cell adapted for a specific function
• What is the function of a root hair cell?

  To absorb water and nutrients from soil
• Why do plants need water?

  To keep them upright
• What are the main structures of a leaf?

  Upper and lower epidermis, palisade cells, spongy cells, xylem, phloem, guard cells, stomata
• What are the adaptations of a leaf?

  Thin structure, large surface area, chlorophyll presence
• What is the function of guard cells in stomata?

  To regulate gas exchange and water loss
• What do palisade cells do?

  They carry out photosynthesis efficiently
• What is the role of xylem in plants?

  To transport water and minerals from roots
• What is the role of phloem in plants?

  To transport sugars and nutrients throughout the plant
• What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
• What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

  $6CO_2 +$$6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 +$$6O_2$
• How can you test for starch?

  Using iodine solution that turns blue-black
• Where does the starch in the leaf come from?

  From the glucose produced during photosynthesis
• What investigations show that light is needed for photosynthesis?

  Experiments using variegated leaves and light sources
• Why is chlorophyll needed for photosynthesis?

  It absorbs light energy for the process
• Why do plants look pale and tall when grown in the dark?

  They lack chlorophyll and stretch for light
• What is respiration in plants?

  Process of converting glucose into energy
• Where does respiration occur in a cell?

  In the mitochondria
• What are the equations for respiration?

  Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
• How is glucose used by the plant?

  For energy, growth, and storage as starch
• How can you measure the rate of photosynthesis?

  By counting oxygen bubbles or measuring CO2 uptake
• What are the independent, dependent, and controlled variables in photosynthesis experiments?

  Light intensity, oxygen production, temperature
• How do you draw a line graph?

  Plot data points and connect them with lines
• What should you include in a prediction for an experiment?

  Expected outcome based on prior knowledge
• What does reliability mean in scientific experiments?

  Consistency of results across multiple trials