Pressure groups definitions

• Pressure group - an organisation which seeks to influence the details of a comparatively small range of public policies

  Not a political party and doesn't seek to gain political power

  Have to work at all stages of the legislative process as small differences can make a big difference to the final implementation of a policy
• Social movements - loosely organised groups that bring together individuals who can also be members of more organised pressure groups

  eg the 'green movement' in the UK which incorporates groups such as Plane Stupid, Greenpeace, and the Green Party
• Single issue groups - a pressure group or protest movement that focuses on a single issue rather than a range of issues underpinned by a broader ideology. These groups often disband when they achieve their objectives
• A role of pressure groups - participation

  Pressure groups are a means of participating as they are influential in shaping government policy and it is an opportunity to involve people in political expression
• A role of pressure groups - representation

  People can directly ensure that their voices are heard rather than relying on their local MP who may put party loyalty above representing their constituents - important in making minority voices heard
• A role of pressure groups - education

  Pressure groups provide information and data on issues making it easier to access information - helps increase public awareness of an issue. They do report from a very biased perspective but it is very detailed.

  Celebrity endorsement can increase media coverage of an issue, also raising awareness
• Promotional or causal group

  No specific section of the community is represented and they claim to have the best interests of everyone in society at heart. They have an issue or a cluster of issues they seek to promote
• Sectional group

  Self interested pressure group and only represent a small section of society
• Insider groups

  Pressure groups that operate inside the political system through contact with MPs, peers and select committees - usually work with the government on legislation
• Outsider groups

  No special links with the government but they seek to influence decision makers by mobilising public opinion
• Most groups use both insider and outsider tactics and therefore insider status is more a matter of degree
• Insider and outsider status change over time - particularly when new governments are elected