Chapter 17

• Pharmacology


  The study of the nature, uses and effects of drugs
• Prescription drug


  A medication that may be purchased by a prescription or from a license professional
• Over the counter drug


  A medication that may be purchased without a prescription
• Generic drug or nonproprietary drug


  A medication not protected by a brand name or trademark
• Agonist


  Substance that produces effect by binding to an appropriate receptor.
• Antagonist


  Substance that inhibits a specific action be binding with a particular receptor instead of allowing the agonist to bind to the receptor
• Antiserum


  Serum containing specific antibodies extracted from a hyperimmunized animal, or an animal that has been infected with the microorganisms containing antigen.
• Antitoxin


  Specific antiserum aimed at a poison that contains a concentration of antibodies extracted from the serum or plasma of a healthy animal
• Bacterin


  Bacterial vaccine
• Chelated


  Bound to and precipitated out of solution
• Contraindication


  Recommended not to use
• Diffusion


  Movement of solutes from an area of high concentration of particles to one of low concentration of particles
• Dosage


  Amount of medication based on units per weight of animal, such as 10 mg/lb and 2 mg/kg
• Dosage interval


  Time between administrations of a drug, such as bid or q12h
• Dose


  Amount of medication measured, such as milligrams, milliliters, units, and grams
• Drug


  Agent used to diagnose, prevent, or treat a disease
• Efficacy


  Extent to which a drug causes the intended effects; effectiveness
• Endogenous


  Originating within the body
• Exogenous


  Originating outside the body
• Hydrophilic


  Water loving; ionized form
• Hyperkalemia


  Excessive level of blood potassium
• Hypernatremia


  Excessive level of blood sodium
• Hypertonic solution


  Solution that has more particles than the solution or cell to which it is being compared. The tonicity of solutions usually is compared to blood cells.
• Hypokalemia


  Deficiency of blood potassium
• Hyponatremia


  Deficiency of blood sodium
• Hypotonic solution


  Solution that has fewer particles than the solution or cell to which it is being compared
• Hypovolemia


  Low circulating blood volume
• Ionized


  Electrically charged
• Isotonic solution


  Solution that has equal particles to the solution or cell to which it is being compared
• Lipophilic


  Fat loving; nonionizing form
• Monovalent


  Vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin developed specifically for a single antigen or organism
• Nonionized


  Not charged electrically
• Osmosis


  Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane along its concentration gradient.
• Pharmacodynamics


  Physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action
• Pharmacogenomics


  Study of the impact of genetic variation on drug effects with the hopes of achieving personalized medicine
• Pharmacokinetics


  Movements of drugs or chemicals; consists of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and elimination.
• Placebo


  Inactive substance that is given for its suggestive effects or substance used as a control in an experimental setting
• Polyvalent


  Vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin that is active against multiple antigens or organisms; mixed vaccine
• Prevention or prophylaxis


  Avoidance
• Regimen


  Course of treatment