B4 biology🌱

• what is the word equation for photosynthesis ?

  carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
• what is the balanced equation for photosynthesis ?

  6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• what reaction is photosynthesis ?

  endothermic
• where does photosynthesis take place ?

  chloroplasts
• what do leaves contain ?

  green chemical called chlorophyll which absorbs light
• what does light intensity do to photosynthesis ?

  increase the rate of it but it continues rising then it is not the limiting factor and something else is in short supply like C02
• what does carbon dioxide concentration do to photosynthesis ?

  as it increases so does photosynthesis but if it continues rising it is not the limiting factor
• what does the amount of chlorophyll do to photosynthesis ?

  increase to a high rate of photosynthesis as the leaves can trap light energy
• what does the temperature do to photosynthesis ?

  rate increases as enzymes work faster bur if it keeps increasing then the enzymes denature and the rate falls
• what is the use from glucose for respiration in photosynthesis ?

  glucose releases energy and respiration takes place in the mitochondria
• what is the use of starch from glucose in photosynthesis ?

  plant cells respire all the time and its to produce the insoluble storage molecule starch. It can be converted back to glucose
• what is the use of fats and oils from glucose in photosynthesis ?

  used by the plant as a storage form of energy
• what is the use of cellulose from glucose in photosynthesis ?

  plant call is enclosed in a cell wall snd it contains the molecule cellulose which gives it strength
• what is the use of amino acids from glucose in photosynthesis ?

  used by plants to synthesise proteins, to make plants absorb nitrate ions from the soil
• what is respiration

  an exothermic reaction and takes place continuously in all living cells
• what do organisms need energy for ?

  1. to be warm
  2. movement
  3. chemical reactions to build larger molecules
• what is aerobic respiration ?

  sugar glucose is reacted with oxygen gas and releases a great deal of energy because the glucose molecule is fully oxidised
• what is the word equation for aerobic respiration ?

  glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
• what is the balanced equation for aerobic respiration ?

  C6H12O6 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O
• what is anaerobic respiration in muscles ?

  muscle cells need a great deal of energy for contraction and it happens if their is a shortage of oxygen
• what is the word equation of anaerobic respiration ?

  glucose -> lactic acid
• what does anaerobic respiration release much less energy ?

  oxidisation of glucose is incomplete causing lactic acid to build up creating oxygen debt
• what does anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells not require ?

  oxygen
• what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells ?

  glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
• what is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called ?

  fermentation and use this reaction to make alcoholic drinks eg beer which is ethanol in the reaction
• what is yeast also used ?

  bread and carbon dioxide helps creat bubbles in the dough to rise
• what happens if there is not enough oxygen in the body ?

  anaerobic respiration takes place and to provide this the breathing rate, breathing volume, heart rate increase to get supply muscles with oxygenated blood
• what is the effect of lactic acid ?

  causes muscles to fatigue during long periods of vigorous exercise and causes muscles to stop contracting efficiently
• what is metabolism ?

  sum of all the reactions in a cell of body
• what is glucose converted in humans ?

  glycogen and is a storage form of glucose
• how is a lipid formed in a cell membrane ?

  1 molecule of glycerol is reacted with 3 fatty acid molecules
• how are excess proteins broken down ?

  chemical called urea which is excreted by the kidneys
• what does metabolism include ?

  1. conversion of glucose to starch
  2. glycogen to cellulose
  3. formation of lipid molecules
  4. amino acids
  5. respiration
  6. breakdown of proteins to form urea for excretion
• what is the energy transferred by respiration in cells used by ?

  the organism for the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecule