Ashley

• Volcano


  Is a mountain that extends down to a pool of magma between the crust and mantle

  - It is basically a hole in the earth from which magma can erupt
• Vulcano


  The word where "volcano" was derived from

  - A volcanic island in the Aeolian islands of Italy whose name comes from Vulcan, the god of fire in Roman mythology
• Vulcan


  The god of fire in Roman mythology
• Tectonic Plates


  Pieces of earth's crust
• Hotspots


  Hot areas inside earth

  - A final way that magma rises over
• Active, dormant, and extinct


  Different stages of volcanoes:
• Active


  - Are usually associated with earthquake activity, presence of hot water springs, and changes in the elevation of the volcano's crater

  - It can erupt anytime
• Dormant


  Have no known history of eruption but may erupt based on seismic indications of tectonic activity beneath the volcano
• Extinct


  Have no known record of eruption and tectonic activity for a period of time
• Magma


  Liquid rock inside a volcano
• Lava


  Liquid rock that flows out of a volcano

  - Fresh ____ glows red to white hot as it flows
• Pyroclastic Flow


  Is a fluidized mixture of solid to semi-solid fragments and hot, expanding gases that flows down the sides of a volcano

  - The most deadly of all volcanic phenomena
• Lahar


  Is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water

  - It is liquid when moving, but when it stops, it solidifies
• Pumice


  Is a light, porous volcanic rock that forms during explosive eruptions

  - It resembles a sponge because it consists of a network of gas bubbles frozen almost amidst fragile volcanic glass and minerals
• Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

  Meaning of PHIVOLCS
• 23


  How many active volcanoes in the Philippines
• 1,500


  How many active volcanoes worldwide
• 500


  How many active volcanoes erupted in historical time (Worldwide)
• Alert Level 1


  Low level unrest (No eruption imminent)

  - Activity maybe hydrothermal, magmatic, or tectonic in origin

  - No entry in the 6-km radius PDZ
• Alert Level 2


  Moderate unrest (Could eventually lead to eruption)

  - 6-km radius danger zone may be extended to 7-km in the sector where the crater rim is low
• Alert Level 3


  Relatively high unrest (Eruption is possible within weeks)

  - Extension of danger zone in the sector where the crater rim is low will be considered
• Alert Level 4


  Intense unrest (Hazardous eruption is possible within days)

  - Extension of danger zone to 8-km or more in the sector where the crater rim is low will be recommended
• Alert Level 5


  Hazardous eruption on going (Pyroclastic flow may sweep down along gullies and channels, especially along those fronting the low part(s) of the rim)

  - Additional danger area may be identified as eruption progresses

  - Danger to aircraft, by way of ash cloud encounter, depending on height of eruption column and/or wind drift
• Mount Pinatubo, Philippines


  Is an active volcano in the Cabusilan mountains on the island of Luzon, near the tripoint of the Philippine provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, and Pampanga
• Taal Volcano, Philippines


  The second most active volcano in the Philippines with 34 historical eruptions are concentrated on the volcano island, an island near the middle of Taal lake

  - Present one of the most picturesque and attractive views in the Philippines
• Mayon Volcano, Philippines


  An active volcano in the province of Albay, on the island of Luzon in the Philippine

  - Renowned as the "perfect cone" because of its almost symmetrical conical shape, the mountain and its surrounding landscape was declared a national park on July 20, 1938, the first in the country à 30 eruptions recorded since 1616
• Mauna Loa, Hawaii


  One of the five volcanoes that form the island of Hawaii and the largest on Earth in terms of volume and area covered

  - Means "Long mountain"
• Mount Vesuvius, Italy


  Located just 9km (5.6mi) east of Naples, making it the most densely populated volcanic region in the entire world

  - One of the world's most dangerous volcanoes

  - Last eruption was in 1944, but the most memorable eruption was the massive eruption of 79AD, when it buried the cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii
• Mauna Kea, Hawaii


  One of the five volcanoes that make up the big island of Hawaii

  - The peak of ________ is 4,207m above sea level but 10,203m above the base of the floor of the Pacific Ocean
• Mount Fuji, Japan


  Rises almost 20,000ft. from a flat plain

  - It's one of the most famous volcanoes in the world

  - Has been dormant since 1707, and no one died in that eruption
• Alpha Himalayan Belt


  Made by the collision of the African and Indo Australian plate with the southern margin of the Eurasian plate

  - It extends from Mediterranean area eastward through Turkey and the Middle East, north of India, and onto the Indonesian islands
• Ring of Fire


  80% of earthquakes occur here

  - It has many of the world's active volcanoes

  - Including those in New Zealand, New Guinea, Philippines, Japan, Russia, Alaska, Volcanic Pacific islands
• St. Helens in Washington and Mount Pinatubo

  Are located on plates that are colliding against each other
• Philippines


  Is known for their deadliest eruptions causing number of fatalities and damage of properties
• 1,250 degrees celsius lava


  Can burn everything in its path
• Ash Toxic Gases


  Can cause lung problems
• Systems of the Earth

  Air, Water, Land and Life
• System


  Any size group of interacting parts that for a complex whole.
• Closed Systems


  Self contained
• Open Systems


  Allow both energy and matter to flow in and out of the system.