ENQ 3

• 3 stages of the hazard management cycle:

  • pre-disaster
  • response
  • post-diastser
• pre-disaster includes

  • preparedness
  • risk management
  • mitigation
• response includes:

  • immediate response
  • saving people
  • warnings and evacuation
  • assessing the damage
• post disaster includes:

  • reconstruction
  • social and economic recovery
  • restoration of infrastructure services
• if there is correct management at different stages of the cycle this will be seen as a recovery to better quality of life on the PARK model
• why will the time taken for each stage to be successful vary?

  level of development, quality of governance, aid available, magnitude of hazard
• role of emergency planners and hazard management cycle 


  informs planning and preparation for the next hazard
• stages of the hazard management cycle = mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery
• -ve of hazard management cycle

  hazards vary in their predictability - does not account for every possibility

  resistance from local comms over implementation

  success at each stage varies because - level of development, quality of governance, magnitude, availability of aid.

  some communities are geo isolated - comms of implementation may not reach them
• +ve of hazard management cycle 


  enables countries to be prepared and able to respond

  informs emergency planners about how to mitigate the next

  saves lives

  increases preparedness
• what are the cons of insurance? 


  does not mitigate against loss of property or lives

  high cost associated with it

  temporarily homeless
• what are the pros of insurance 


  allows for individual socio-economic recovery
• short term aid pros

  
  

  Reduces death toll by saving lives and keeping people alive until longer-term help arrives
• short aid cons 


  high cost

  difficult to distribute to isolated areas

  emergency services are limited in poorly equipped countries
• long term aid pros 


  can build in resilience through reconstruction, land-use planning, and better construction
• long term aid cons 


  may become reliant

  after the initial media burst of the disaster aid dries up

  high cost
• short term aid provides food, shelter, repair of water lines and electricity lines
• long term is development aid that helps with re-construction
• NGOs include RedCross - Haiti 2010 provided 200,000 homes with essentials inc blankets, cooking equipment and mosquito nets
• 1.2 million volunteers after the Kobe EQ
• protection gap between high and low income families...those who cannot afford protection
• micro-insurance aims at tailoring insurance plans to low income families
• Latin America has an 84% protection gap
• global economic growth has increased the number of people impacted by tectonic hazards - more people have more to lose
• Parkfield 1987

  • predicted that EQ due
  • EQ in last 1500 years happen on 150 year interval
  • predicted wrong
• 2023 70 earthquakes in Nepal
• Japan mega disaster caused $360bn in damages
• Iceland mega disaster caused ash plume to reach 11,000km into the atmosphere