Englisch

• Newspapers and magazines frequently feature cartoons that highlight a particular viewpoint or idea through the use of illustration

  
• Cartoons comment on a certain topic, real people, current events, or trends in a humorous or satirical way
• Often, the image in a cartoon is exaggerated
• Describing and analyzing a cartoon is in many ways similar to describing and analyzing a picture

  
• Steps to understand a cartoon

  1. Identify the topic

  2. Describe the picture in detail

  3. Analyze the people/objects/symbols

  4. Interpret the central message

  5. Comment on the cartoon

  
• Identify the topic


  Where does the cartoon come from? What is the cartoon about? What does the caption and/or title say?
• Describe the picture in detail


  Where does the scene take place? What/Who can you see? Describe the people/objects/texts/colors/speech bubbles/caption
• Analyze the people/objects/symbols


  What do the people's faces and body language express? What do the persons/figures stand for? What colors are used? What is their effect? Look at the methods used and interpret them
• Interpret the central message


  What is the connection between the picture, caption, and speech bubbles? Does the punch line contain a double meaning/play on words? What issue is the cartoon about? What is the central message? What is the cartoonist's opinion?

  
• Comment on the cartoon


  What is your personal opinion concerning the cartoon? Do you agree/disagree?
• Analyzing cartoons requires cultural and socio-political background knowledge
• Style


  The particular way in which a text is written, a writer's characteristic use of language
• Tone


  The way in which a writer treats their topic, reflecting their emotional attitude towards that topic and their readers
• Register


  The level of language used in a text, depending on the nature of the text and the addressee
• Choice of Words


  The type of words which are used in a text
• Syntax/Sentence Structure


  The structure of sentences, including simplicity/complexity, length, repetition, and variation
• Ambiguity


  When words and phrases can be interpreted in more than one way
• Conventions


  Whether the style is appropriate to the subject matter and whether it turns upside down common literary conventions
• Writing the analysis


  1. Introduction

  2. Main part

  3. Structure

  4. Quotations

  5. Analysis

  6. Conclusion

  7. Language
• Researching your Country Profile
• Physical Geography


  • Official name
  • Population
  • Region of the world located in
  • Size (square miles)
  • Neighbors
  • Physical features and climate
• Culture


  • Ethnic composition
  • Official language(s)
  • Capital and major cities
  • Quality of life
• Politics & Government


  • When founded
  • Type of government
  • Leaders
  • Military
  • Allies and enemies
• Economy


  • Gross Domestic Product
  • Natural resources
  • Currency
  • Major imports and exports
  • Biggest trading partners
• Writing a speech script
• Types of speeches


  • Talk
  • Public/formal speech
  • Debate statement
• Talk


  • Purpose: informing/convincing the audience about/of a topic
  • Structure: shorter introduction, informing and awakening interest in the body, summary in conclusion
• Public/formal speech


  • Purpose: to convince the audience of something
  • Structure: greeting the audience, summary of content and aim, clear line of argumentation in the body, summary and appeal in conclusion
• Debate statement


  • Purpose: to point out the speaker's stance towards the topic of discussion and defend their point of view
  • Structure: provocative or striking introduction, defending a point of view with logical arguments and examples in the body, summary and outlook in conclusion
• Useful language for speech writing
• COMMENT (ON)


  You state your opinion clearly and support your view with evidence or reasons. There is no need to look at the side you don't agree with!
• DISCUSS


  You give arguments or reasons for and against, especially to come to a well-founded conclusion in which you state which of the two sides you agree with.
• INTRODUCTION


  1. Present the topic of your comment in an interesting way

  2. Say briefly what it's about

  3. State the importance (why is it important to discuss this issue?)

  4. Refer to statement/text and link it to the topic/issue!

  5. State your opinion on the topic (only when you comment on sth.)
• Useful phrases for INTRODUCTION

  • Nowadays, … / These days …
  • It is often claimed that…
  • … is a hotly debated topic at the moment …
  • Many people think that …
  • The author (name) holds the view that ...
  • In the author's opinion …
  • He/she says/claims that …
  • In my opinion…/ I hold the view that … /
  • I think… / I believe…
• Support your opinion


  1. Each paragraph should develop a single argument only!

  2. Usually, the first sentence in a paragraph is the topic sentence which clearly states what the whole paragraph is about

  3. Back up your arguments with evidence: examples, numbers, facts etc.
• Elements to include in supporting your opinion

  • arguments, facts
  • examples
  • consequences
  • etc.
• Side you don't agree with

  1. arguments, facts

  2. examples

  3. consequences

  4. etc.
• Useful phrases for Side you don't agree with

  • According to the author / text, …
  • To begin with, … / First of all, …
  • For example/instance, … / As a matter of fact, …
  • Nobody will deny that … / That is why … /
  • Firstly, … / Secondly, … / Thirdly, …
  • Therefore, … Furthermore, … /
  • Additionally, … / Moreover, … / Also, … /
  • Another argument for / against is …
  • On the one hand … / On the other hand …
  • However, … / Nevertheless, …
• Side you agree with

  1. arguments, facts

  2. examples

  3. consequences

  4. etc.
• CONCLUSION


  1. Sum up your arguments

  2. Refer back to the statement & then state your opinion again

  3. Name possible solutions/an outlook for the future