cells

• Eukaryotic cells


  Cells that have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
• Nucleus


  • Contains genetic material
• Cytoplasm


  • Where most of the chemical reactions happen
• Animal cell


  • Ribosomes - where proteins are made
  • Mitochondria - where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place
  • Cell membrane - controls what goes in and out
• Plant cell


  • Cell wall made of cellulose - strengthens the cell
  • Chloroplasts - where photosynthesis occurs
  • Permanent vacuole - contains cell sap
• Prokaryotic cells


  Cells that do not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
• Bacterial cell


  • DNA loop
  • Plasmid
  • Lack a true nucleus
• Electron microscopes were invented later than light microscopes
• Electron microscopes


  • Have a higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes
  • Let us see smaller things in more detail, meaning we can understand subcellular structures better now
• Use standard form to write really small numbers, e.g. 4.5 x 10^-10