B1-Cell Types and Cell Structure

• Cells


  The basic building blocks of life that can replicate independently
• Multicellular organisms like animals and plants contain many cells that divide to grow or replace dead cells, not to create new organisms</b>
• Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotic organisms
• Subcellular structures common to animal and plant cells

  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• Plant cells


  • Have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose
  • Contain a permanent vacuole with cell sap
  • Contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• Bacterial cells


  • Lack mitochondria and chloroplasts
  • Have a single circular strand of DNA instead of a nucleus
  • May have additional plasmids
  • May have flagella for movement
• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, using chlorophyll to absorb light energy
• Aerobic respiration in mitochondria releases energy for cells
• Eukaryotic cells


  Cells that contain their genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
• Eukaryotic cells


  • Contain a nucleus
  • Contain a cell membrane
  • Contain cytoplasm
• Prokaryotic cells


  Cells where the genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus
• Prokaryotic cells


  • Do not have a nucleus
  • Have a cell membrane
  • Have a cell wall
  • Contain cytoplasm
  • May have plasmids
• Prokaryotic cells


  Are much smaller than eukaryotic cells
• You will find plenty of questions on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in the revision workbook