Populations

• What is primary succession?

  Gradual change in an ecosystem over time
• What does primary succession involve?

  Shifts in biotic and abiotic conditions
• Where does primary succession occur?

  On newly formed or exposed land
• What are pioneer species in primary succession?

  First species to colonize new land
• What do pioneer species contribute to the soil?

  They form basic soil (humus) upon decay
• What types of plants follow pioneer species in succession?

  Small plants and grasses
• How do small plants and grasses affect the soil?

  They increase depth and nutrient content
• What happens after small plants and grasses in succession?

  Larger plants, shrubs, and small trees grow
• What is a climax community?

  A stable, complex ecosystem with diverse species
• How do human activities affect succession?

  They can interrupt succession and maintain earlier stages
• What is the effect of mowing on succession?

  Prevents shrubs and trees from establishing
• How does grazing affect succession?

  Livestock eat new shoots, halting succession
• Why is managing succession important for conservation?

  To protect species diversity in ecosystems
• What are intermediate stages of succession?

  Stages that support many unique species
• What is the role of managed burning in succession management?

  Removes woody plants and resets succession
• What is the main goal of conservation management in succession?

  To maximize species diversity