social cognition

• Impression formation


  Process by which people combine information about others to make overall judgements
• Configurational model of impression formation two main traits are ?

  Central

  Peripheral
• Main models of impression formation

  -Algebraic model

  -Configurational model
• Algebraic model of impression formation involved 3 factors in order to combine information

  -Summative model

  -Averaging model

  -Weighted averaging
• Summative model of algebraic model of impression formation

  All and subtract all like/dislike ratings
• Averaging model of algebraic model of impression formation

  Average like/dislike ratings
• Weighted averaging model of algebraic model of impression formation

  Ratings weighted in order of importance in regard to the context

  
  

  (Surgeon: politeness n/a, directness might actually be an attribute)
• Which algebraic model is best

  Weighted averaging
• Criticism with algebraic model of impression formation

  They don't tell us about the actual process used to arrive at that impression
• Configurational model of impression formation

  -Based on Gestalt principles

  -Impressions not formed algebraically.

  -Impressions based on emergent pattern that depends on total context.

  
  

  -Two main traits

  
  

  •Central

  •Peripheral
• Central traits

  (configurational model of impression formation)

  They give meaning to other traits (peripheral traits) which changes the overall impression

  
  

  (EG list of traits with one word different "warm" or " "cold")
• Gestalt Principles


  the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
• Schemas


  Cognitive structures that represent our knowledge about a concept or type of stimulus
• Schemas allow us to do what with information

  Encode

  Store

  Retrieve
• Event schemas (scripts)


  Generalized representations of activities and events (restaurants you order and eat food)
• Role schemas (scripts)


  Roles your expected to play (chef expected to cook)
• Asch view of impression formation


  Not formed algebraically.

  Impression based on a emergent pattern that depends on total context of information you have access to
• Person schemas


  Individualized knowledge structures about:

  
  

  Types

  Groups

  Individuals
• Stereotype is an example of what schema


  Person schema associated with a social category
• Implicit personality theory


  "Person schema" about a particular type of person.

  
  

  Characteristics match personality type

  
  

  EG: she's an extrovert because she's loud
• According to Kelley's (1973) covariation model of impression formation, information about high distinctiveness helps us make a TARGET attribution.
• According to Kelley's (1973) covariation model of impression formation, information about low consensus helps us make a PERSON attribution