Andie

Created by

Andile Mkhwanazi

Cards (37)

Anatomy 
Describes the structures of the body, what they are made of, where they are located, and associated structures (macro & micro)
Types of Anatomy 
Gross anatomy (macroscopic)
Microscopic anatomy
Gross Anatomy (Macroscopic) 
Large, visible structures of the body without magnification, providing a foundational understanding of bodily organization
Surface Anatomy
Regional Anatomy
Sectional Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy
Clinical Anatomy
Developmental Anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy 
Delves into the study of cells and molecules, providing insights into the fundamental building blocks of the body
Cytology
Histology
Physiology 
The study of functions of anatomical structures, both individual and cooperative
Types of Physiology 
Cell Physiology
Organ Physiology
Systemic Physiology
Pathological Physiology
A patient may present with signs (such as a fever) and symptoms (such as tiredness), and clinicians use scientific and diagnostic methods to reach a diagnosis by evaluating observations, forming a hypothesis, and testing the hypothesis by collecting and analyzing data
Levels of Organization 
Chemical Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ System Level
Organism Level
Organ Systems 
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Cardiovascular System
Lymphatic System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Reproductive System
Major organs of the Integumentary System
Skin
Hair
Sweat glands
Nails
Functions of the Integumentary System
Protects against environmental hazards
Helps regulate body temperature
Provides sensory information
Major organs of the Skeletal System
Bones
Cartilages
Associated ligaments
Bone marrow
Functions of the Skeletal System
Provides support and protection for other tissues
Stores calcium and other minerals
Forms blood cells
Major organs of the Muscular System
Skeletal muscles and associated tendons
Functions of the Muscular System
Provides movement
Provides protection and support for other tissues
Generates heat that maintains body temperature
Major organs of the Nervous System
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nerves
Sense organs
Functions of the Nervous System
Directs immediate responses to stimuli
Coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems
Provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions
Major organs of the Endocrine System
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Pancreas
Adrenal glands
Gonads
Endocrine tissues in other systems
Functions of the Endocrine System
Directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems
Adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body
Controls many structural and functional changes during development
Major organs of the Cardiovascular System
Heart
Blood
Blood vessels
Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Distributes blood cells, water, and dissolved materials including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
Distributes heat and assists in control of body temperature
Major organs of the Lymphatic System
Spleen
Thymus
Lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Functions of the Lymphatic System
Defends against infection and disease
Returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream
Major organs of the Respiratory System
Nasal cavities
Sinuses
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Alveoli
Functions of the Respiratory System
Delivers air to alveoli (sites in lungs where gas exchange occurs)
Provides oxygen to bloodstream
Removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream
Produces sounds for communication
Major organs of the Digestive System
Teeth
Tongue
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Functions of the Digestive System
Processes and digests food
Absorbs and conserves water
Absorbs nutrients
Stores energy reserves
Major organs of the Urinary System 
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Functions of the Urinary System 
Excretes waste products from the blood
Controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced
Stores urine prior to voluntary elimination
Regulates blood ion concentrations and pH
Major organs of the Male Reproductive System
Testes
Epididymides
Ductus deferentia
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Penis
Scrotum
Functions of the Male Reproductive System 
Produces male sex cells (sperm), seminal fluids, and hormones
Sexual intercourse
Major organs of the Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Labia
Clitoris
Mammary glands
Functions of the Female Reproductive System
Produces female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones
Supports developing embryo from conception to delivery
Provides milk to nourish newborn infant
Sexual intercourse
Late submissions are subject to deductions of 10% for each day the assignment is handed in late. After 5 days however, no marks will be awarded as per University of Johannesburg Policy.
Individual Assignments and assignments from groups of more or less than 10 students will not be accepted or marked. The lecturer will not entertain any conflicts between group members as groups are self-allocated.
Only one student per group may submit the assignment on behalf of the group on the allocated due date. Please submit at Mr. Jalal's office at the Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 2304b, John Orr building, 2nd Floor.
Ensure you have Attached the Departmental Assignment Cover Page, your Assignment Grading Rubric and Report with all Group member's Full names and Student Numbers to your submission.