Behlogy Chap 12 (Part 1a) ATP

• Glucose plus oxygen is converted to carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP which is synthesized in the mitochondria
• Respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to form energy
• Respiration can also occur without oxygen
• Anabolic reactions


  The building of larger molecules from smaller molecules
• Catabolic reactions


  The breakdown of larger molecules to form smaller molecules
• ATP


  Adenosine triphosphate
• ATP


  • Small, water-soluble, negatively charged, easily hydrolyzed, can be synthesized and broken down quickly (high turnover rate)
• Energy currency


  ATP acts as an intermediate energy molecule, linking energy-giving reactions and energy-requiring reactions
• Aerobic respiration is the complete oxidation of glucose, producing 2870 kJ of energy per glucose molecule
• Aerobic respiration is a multi-step reaction, with some energy lost as heat at each step
• Energy storage molecules


  Molecules like glucose, sucrose, glycogen, starch, and triglycerides that store energy in the form of chemical potential energy
• ATP hydrolysis


  The breaking down of ATP into ADP, inorganic phosphate, and 30.5 kJ of energy per mole
• ATP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP, releasing 14.2 kJ of energy per mole
• Respiration is the process of breaking down organic molecules to release energy, which is used to synthesize ATP
• Aerobic respiration


  Respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration


  Respiration that occurs without oxygen
• Stages of aerobic respiration

  • Glycolysis
  • Link reaction
  • Krebs cycle
  • Oxidative phosphorylation
• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, link reaction and Krebs cycle occur in the mitochondrial matrix, and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane