Haiti

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Created by
Rosalind

Cards (46)

  • Haiti
    Located on the West Island of Hispaniola, neighbouring the Dominican Republic
  • Haiti
    • Lies on the Tropic of Cancer in the Caribbean Sea
    • A disaster hotspot, situated on a seismically active zone intersected by 2 major fault lines on a conservative plate margin between the North American plate and the Caribbean plate
    • 60% of Haiti is mountainous
  • Population of Haiti as of 2023
    11.7 million
  • Haiti's government

    Run by drug gangs
  • Haiti is the Least developed country in the West
  • 77% of Haitians are living off less than $2 a day
  • Haiti has a 61% literacy rate
  • Life expectancy in Haiti
  • Haiti is ranked 151 of 183 in business and 171 of 180 on the Corruptions Perceptions Index
  • Haiti has a 2.2% HIV rate
  • Poverty and inequality has plagued Haiti since independence
  • Haiti

    • Situated in the Atlantic hurricane path and experiences 4-5 storms within 5 months
  • Impacts of storms in Haiti in 2008
    1. Flooding
    2. High winds
    3. Mudslides
    4. Coastal surges
    5. Killed 793 people
    6. Destroyed 25,000 homes
    7. Caused $1 billion in damage costs
    8. 825,000 people affected
    9. Floods wiped out 70% of Haiti's crops, leaving people to die due to malnutrition
  • Impacts of Hurricane in Haiti in 2016
    1. Category 5 hurricane measuring 250 miles across with winds over 160 mph
    2. Caused $10 billion of damage
    3. Killed 1,600 people
    4. Left 140,000 people homeless
    5. Led to the 2nd cholera outbreak in 7 years
  • Impacts of Hurricane Sandy in Haiti
    1. 1 ½ million people faced food shortage
    2. 54 people died
  • Impacts of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti

    1. Magnitude 7 earthquake
    2. Epicentre 25 km west of Port-au-Prince
    3. Erupted along the Enriquillo fault on the northern edge of the Caribbean plate
    4. Biggest earthquake seen in 200 years
    5. Aftershocks of 5.9, 5.5 and 6.1
    6. Killed 220,000 people
    7. 300,000 more were injured by falling rubble
    8. 75,000 buried in mass graves and bodies piled up in the streets
    9. 800,000 people lived in a series of 450 camps, and only 3 had potable water
    10. 30,000 commercial buildings collapsed, including the UN's HQ
    11. 2 million people were displaced
    12. Cholera spread along the Artibonite River, killing a further 9000 people and infecting 21,000 people just in 2010
    13. 3 m high tsunami
    14. Estimated damage of $8.5 billion
    15. Rubble was lifted manually
    16. 120 people rescued from under rubble
    17. US sent over ships and military forces
    18. Celebrities took part in "Hope for Haiti" and raised £35 million
    19. The world food programme donated 14 million rations to feed 2 million people for a month
  • Haiti

    • Mountainous topography, limestone geology and heavy rainfall creates ideal conditions for landslides
    • Port-au-Prince is built on slopes leaving buildings prone to mass movement
    • Population over 10 million with 1 million people living in the capital -> very overpopulated meaning urban planning could not be properly implemented
    • Buildings are made from unstable materials and were a recipe for disaster, leaving people unable to survive during earthquakes
    • Deforestation exacerbated soil erosion and mass movement during heavy rainfall
    • Steep land leads to frequent surface run-off and river flooding
  • Lack of media coverage during Hurricane Sandy meant Haiti received little aid
  • Haiti's government were unable to provide security for their people
  • Haiti was already vulnerable before natural disasters due to poverty and government instability
  • Only 5% of land has legal documentation so it has been forcibly taken from land owners - 70% of Haiti's population is subject to forced eviction
  • National Disaster Risk Management System (NDRMS) in Haiti
    1. Set up a living with risk approach
    2. Natural hazards and vulnerability map
    3. Emergency operations centre
    4. Weather monitoring centre to give people time to evacuate
    5. Following the 2010 earthquake, the NDRMS' emergency centre, fire station and government buildings were all destroyed
  • Humanitarian aid in Haiti in the first 6 months after the 2010 earthquake

    1. 4 million people received food aid
    2. 1.2 million people had access to clean water
    3. 1.5 million people received emergency shelter materials
    4. 2.1 million non-household kits were distributed
    5. 11,000 toilets were installed
    6. 90% of people in Port-au-Prince had access to healthcare
    7. 195,000 children benefited from education
    8. 550,000 children and babies received feeding
    9. 5,900 people relocated
    10. 142,000 people received agricultural planting input
  • The EU donated £107 million and the EU gave £250 million to Haiti
  • The World Bank waived the countries debt repayments for 5 years
  • The Dominican Republic sent teams to deliver food and medicine and eased visa requirements to allowed the injured into their hospitals
  • UN's efforts in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake

    1. Recycled 20% of debris
    2. Provided 300,000 people with jobs
    3. Provided training for 270,000 people
    4. Donated $21 million to the cholera crisis in 2015
    5. Rebuilt communications and hospitals
    6. Sent doctors to help with the treatment of cholera
  • Delmas 32: $30 million for redevelopment in Haiti's most populated suburb
  • Difficulties importing aid to Haiti after the 2010 earthquake

    • Collapse of the control tower at the airport
    • Warehouses for storage were destroyed
    • Vital aid was slow to arrive but mobile data was used to pinpoint exactly where aid was needed
  • The majority of money donated to Haiti was from the public
  • Haiti's debt rose to $400 million
  • A peacekeeping force of 9,000 have been in Haiti since 2010, but there have still been reports of disease, murder and rape in refugee camps
  • The Cholera outbreak in Haiti wasn't present before the 2010 earthquake
  • Causes of the Cholera outbreak in Haiti
    1. 9,000 people died and 250,000 people were at risk
    2. The outbreak started from the peacekeepers from Nepal
    3. Sewage pipes and floods caused the contaminated water to spread from military camps to refugee camps
  • Cholera created a weak, working population which slows exports and reduces GDP, which makes it more difficult for Haiti to respond and develop
  • Rebuilding efforts in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake
    1. Societal activities were re-established
    2. Camps seemed permanent
    3. Only 5% of rubble was cleared
    4. Unemployment was rife
    5. Political crisis meant that on 38% of aid had been spent
    6. $5.5 billion pledged by other countries, but only 53% was released
    7. 7000 Haitians were trained in practical construction and 40% of rubble was cleared
    8. 500,000 people are still living in camps
    9. 95% of children returned to school
  • The people of Haiti do not have the resilience or capacity to recover quickly enough from the effects of natural hazards
  • Haiti is more vulnerable to future disasters, living in worse conditions than before the 2010 earthquake
  • Without a stable government, Haiti is unlikely to ever improve
  • Haiti's difficulties have barely scratched the surface of global media coverage