Q4 - GSS

• Jupiter has 4 moons - Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto
• Geothermal


  Energy derived from the heat of the Earth's interior, often associated with volcanic activity
• Lahar


  A destructive mudflow or debris flow composed of volcanic material and water
• Rocks


  Naturally occurring solid aggregates or combinations of minerals, mineraloids, or organic materials
• Shield Volcano


  A broad, gently sloping volcano characterized by low viscosity lava flows
• Tephra


  Fragmented volcanic material, such as ash, dust, and rock, ejected during an eruption
• Ring of Fire


  A region in the Pacific Ocean basin known for its high volcanic and seismic activity due to tectonic plate boundaries
• Tectonic Plates


  Large pieces of the Earth's lithosphere that move and interact, causing earthquakes and volcanic activity
• Pyroclastic Flow


  A fast-moving, hot mixture of ash, rock fragments, and gas that flows down the slopes of a volcano during an eruption
• Eruption


  The release of volcanic material, including lava, ash, and gases, from a volcano
• Lava


  Molten rock that flows from a volcano during an eruption
• Magma


  Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface that can erupt to form lava
• Volcano


  A mountain or hill that erupts with molten rock, ash, and gases due to tectonic activity
• Craters


  The depression or hollow at the summit of a volcano formed by previous eruptions
• Cinder


  A small, steep-sided volcanic cone built by the accumulation of volcanic fragments such as cinders, ash, and rocks ejected during moderately explosive eruptions
• Vents

  An opening in the Earth's crust through which volcanic material, such as lava and gases, is ejected during an eruption
• Epicenter


  The point on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's point of origin, known as the hypocenter or focus
• Mantle


  A layer of the Earth that lies beneath the crust and surrounds the outer core
• Magnitude


  The measurement of the energy released at the source of the earthquake
• Focus


  The point within the Earth where an earthquake originates
• Crust


  The outer layer of the earth
• Earthquake


  A sudden movement or vibration in the Earth's crust
• Composite


  A large, conical-shaped volcano characterized by its steep sides and alternating layers of solidified lava flows, volcanic ash, and other volcanic rocks
• Intensity


  The damage done by the earthquake
• Plinian Eruption


  A highly explosive volcanic eruption characterized by the ejection of large volumes of gas, ash, and volcanic rocks into the atmosphere
• Nicolas Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who developed the Copernican System.
• The Copernican System features 8 planets orbiting the sun.
• The sun is 99.86 percent of the total mass of the solar System.
• Jupiter is the biggest planet.
• Saturn is the 2nd largest planet but has the lowest density.
• The sun's rotation is equal to 25 earth days,
• Terrestrial Planets or inner planets include Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
• The terrestrial planets have no rings, little moons and are rocky.
• Jovian Planets or Outer planets are separate into Gas giants and Ice Giants
• Mercury is the closest to the sun, one of the hottest of the inner planets and is also the coldest of the inner planets.
• Venus is the hottest planet at 482 Celsius because of its atmosphere of 97 percent carbon dioxide.
• The Earth has 3 major layers: crust, mantle and core.
• Mars is also known as the red planet.
• The biggest valley: Valles Marineris and the biggest mountain: Olympus Mons are on Mars.
• The moon is also called Luna.