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• • Research is an organized investigation and study of materials and sources to create facts and reach new inferences.
• Reseach is a verified approach of thinking and employing legalized instruments and steps in order to obtain a more adequate solution to a problem.
• Empirical is a characteristics of research that is based on observations and investigation theory.
• Systematic follows orderly and sequential procedure, based on valid procedure and principle.
• Employs Hypothesis - it search for facts, answers questions and solution to problems.
• Analytical- there is a critical analysis of data used.
• objective- findings are logically based on empirical data.
• controlled- all variables, except tested ones, is kept constant.
• Original work - researchers own investigation and produce the data needed
• Ethics refers to the norms for conduct and distinguish acceptable and unacceptable behavior
• Ethics direct network among people because they recognize common ethical norms.
• Honesty- data should not be fabricated.
• Honesty must maintained in all communication.
• Objectivity- biases should be avoided.
• Integrity - keep promises and agreement
• Carefulness - careless errors and negligence should be avoided.
• Openness - share data, results, ideas and tools
• Openness - Open for criticism and new ideas
• Respect of Intellectual Property - give proper acknowledgement and credit to researchers
• Confidentiality - protect confidential communication.
• Responsible Mentoring - help educate, mentor, and advice students
• Responsible Publication - duplicate publication should be avoided
• Respect Colleagues - Treat all peers fairly
• Non-discrimination - Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students
• Social responsibility - to strive to promote social good and avoid social harm.
• Human Subject - human dignity, privacy, and the risk to human lives should minimized
• Legality - To know and obey law and institutional government policies
• Qualitative research is an interpretative, inductive, and naturalistic approach to the study of people, cases, phenomena, social relation, social process in their natural setting
• Qualitative research emphasized a coherent, logical, methodic evidence based and robust understandng of what is being studied
• Case-study normally occurs from rehabilitation centers, nursing, psychology, and social care and education.
• Case-study involves long study of a person, group, organization or situation.
• Case-study try to answer the question as to why things happen to the subject. It uses data collection such as interviewing, observation, analysis and questionnaires.
• Ethnography - the study of a specific group in order to gain clear understanding of its organizational structure, internal operation, culture and lifestyle.
• Ethnography observes people's lifestyle in their natural setting. Researchers spend their time living, immersing, and experiencing community life.
• Ethnography came from the- Greek word “ethnos” meaning “people, folk or nation” and “graphos” meaning “writing”.
• Content and Discourse Analysis consist of Historical analysis and Grounded theory
• Grounded Theory is an approach that aims to develop theories based on empirical evidence.
• Historical analysis is an approach that focuses on historical events and how they have affected society today.
• Historical Analysis can draw conclusion, make predictions and identify phenomenological modification in the unmodified sectors of society from the findings of the study.
• Grounded Theory occurs when you introduce a new theory that claims to support your study of data collection and analysis at the same time.