Part 1

• Muscles


  Organs that contract to produce movement
• Muscular system


  Includes all the skeletal or striated muscles within the body
• Classifications of muscles


  • Skeletal muscle
  • Smooth and cardiac muscle
• Skeletal muscle


  • Composed of organization of structures: Epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium
• Belly


  Thick fleshy central part of the muscle tissue
• Origin


  The less movable part; in the limbs, it is the proximal attachment
• Insertion


  The more movable part; in the limb, it is the more distal attachment
• Fleshy attachment


  The apparent direct attachment of muscle to bone
• Tendinous attachment


  The dense connective tissue connecting the spindle or pennate muscle to bone
• Aponeurotic attachment


  The flat, tendinous sheet associated with flat muscles such as those of the abdominal wall
• Extrinsic muscles


  Run from one region of the body to another and alter the position of the whole part
• Intrinsic muscles


  Lie completely within one region of the body where they have their origin and insertion, act on bones in that part only, contract to create movement
• Derivations of muscle names based on range of action (Part 1)

  • Abductor
  • Adductor
  • Flexor
  • Extensor
• Derivations of muscle names based on range of action (Part 2)

  • Levator
  • Depressor
  • Rotator
  • Supinator
  • Pronator
• Derivations of muscle names based on location

  • Pectoral
  • Epaxial
  • Intercostal
  • Infraspinatus
  • Supraspinatus
  • Inferior
  • Superior
  • Medius
  • Externus
  • Internus
  • Orbicularis
  • Rectus
  • Oblique
  • Transverse
  • Sphincter
  • Minimus
  • Maximus
  • Vastus
  • Latissimus
  • Longissimus
  • Gracilis
• Derivations of muscle names based on number of parts

  • Biceps
  • Triceps
  • Quadriceps
  • Azygous
• Sartorius


  Named because it flexes and adducts the leg of a human to that position assumed by a tailor sitting cross-legged at work
• Gemellus


  Twinned muscle
• Gastrocnemius


  Resemble shape of a stomach
• Derivations of muscle names based on shape

  • Deltoid
  • Quadratus
  • Rhomboideus
  • Scaleneus
  • Serratus
  • Teres
• Fibrous raphe


  Seamlike union of two lateral halves of a part or organ having externally a ridge or furrow and internally usually a fibrous connective tissue septum
• Aponeurosis


  A sheet of pearly white fibrous tissue that takes places of a tendon in flat muscles having a wide area of attachment
• Fascia


  A band or sheet of connective tissue that separates muscles and other internal organs
• Innervation


  To supply with nerves
• Extrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb

  1. Superficial pectoral

  2. Deep pectoral

  3. Brachiocephalicus

  4. Sternocephalicus

  5. Omotransversarius

  6. Trapezius

  7. Latissimus dorsi

  8. Serratus ventralis

  9. Rhomboideus